GP2 Isoforms for Autoimmune Disease Differentiation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current diagnostic methods for autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease and celiac disease are inadequate due to overlapping symptoms and lack of specificity, with existing assays failing to reliably differentiate between these conditions, particularly in cases involving intestinal inflammation and autoantibody responses.
Innovation Solution
An in vitro method utilizing multiple isoforms of Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as targets for autoantibodies, allowing for the detection of specific autoantibody profiles to differentiate between autoimmune diseases by binding isoforms 1, 2, 3, and 4, enabling more precise diagnosis and differentiation of Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current diagnostic methods are used for autoimmune disorders, then the diagnostic process is simple, but the diagnostic accuracy and ability to differentiate between diseases is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the GP2 protein into multiple distinct isoforms (GP2-1, GP2-2, GP2-3, GP2-4) that are presented as separate antigens in the assay. This segmentation allows detection of isoform-specific autoantibody patterns, enabling differentiation between autoimmune diseases while maintaining a structured, systematic approach to diagnosis
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of antigen specificity by using multiple GP2 isoforms with distinct amino acid sequences instead of a single GP2 antigen. This parameter change enables the detection of specific autoantibody profiles that differentiate between diseases like Crohn's disease and celiac disease, improving diagnostic accuracy without requiring complex invasive procedures
2Reliability
If existing assays are used to detect autoantibodies, then the assay procedure is straightforward, but the ability to differentiate between autoimmune diseases is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The assay structure is segmented into multiple antigen wells, each containing a specific GP2 isoform. This segmentation creates distinct detection zones for different autoantibody specificities, allowing reliable differentiation between diseases through pattern recognition of which isoforms bind patient autoantibodies
Solution Approach 2:
The GP2 isoform panel serves multiple diagnostic functions simultaneously: it detects presence of autoantibodies, differentiates between specific autoimmune diseases, and provides information about disease subtype. This multi-functionality is achieved through the unified assay structure that presents multiple isoforms in a single test
3Measurement precision
If invasive procedures like biopsies are used for diagnosis, then diagnostic accuracy is high, but patient discomfort and procedural complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a in vitro copy of the GP2 protein structures that are naturally present in intestinal tissue. By reproducing the relevant GP2 isoforms in a laboratory setting and testing patient serum against them, the assay provides accurate diagnosis without requiring actual tissue sampling, thereby eliminating patient discomfort while maintaining diagnostic precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the accurate identification and differentiation of autoimmune diseases through the detection of autoantibodies binding to specific GP2 isoforms, providing a novel and effective method for diagnosing and distinguishing between Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis, reducing the need for invasive procedures like biopsies and improving diagnostic accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
allowing autoantibodies in said sample to bind to more than one of said GP2 isoforms, thereby forming a complex (GP2-autoantibody complex)
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2B
Figure 3A~3B
AI summary
The invention relates to a method for binding or capturing autoantibodies directed to various Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) isoforms. In particular the invention provides an in vitro method for the diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder by the detection of autoantibodies that bind one or more isoforms of GP2. The invention is characterised by the provision of multiple isoforms of GP2 as autoantibody targets and encompasses the practical utilisation of the finding that the isoform specificity of anti-GP2 autoantibodies enables determination of particular autoimmune diseases. The invention also provides a kit developed for carrying out the claimed method. The present invention is useful for determining whether a sample from an individual comprises autoantibodies associated with an autoimmune disease, and for differentiating between multiple autoimmune diseases that exhibit similar symptoms, such as Celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD) and/or ulcerative colitis (UC).