Ground-Penetrating Radar Continuous Sampling Digitizer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current ground-penetrating radar systems face long acquisition times and jitter errors due to the need for randomized sampling, which increases the complexity and cost of high-resolution digitization, especially in ultra-wide band applications like mine detection.

Innovation Solution

A system using a lower-resolution, moderately-fast digitizer with averaging and equivalent-time interleaving, combined with continuous sampling and best-fit algorithms to enhance resolution and sample rate, allowing for reduced pulse counts and eliminating the need for dedicated timing circuitry.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If equivalent time sampling is used to capture the received signal with high resolution, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases due to long acquisition times

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal resolutionVSAvoidacquisition time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs continuous sampling of the reflected wave at a fixed sample rate, eliminating the need to wait for complete pulses between samples. This continuous action allows the digitizer to capture multiple samples per pulse, significantly reducing acquisition time while maintaining high measurement precision through accumulated data from multiple pulses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

2Adaptability or versatility

If transmitted pulses are randomized in time to avoid detection or interference, then adaptability is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to jitter in the ET sampling process

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterference avoidanceVSAvoidsampling accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses a timing recovery mechanism that continuously monitors the received signal and adjusts the sampling clock phase to synchronize with the randomized pulse arrivals. This feedback loop eliminates jitter by dynamically adapting the sampling timing to match the actual pulse positions, maintaining measurement precision even when pulses are randomized for security or interference avoidance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If a high-resolution, high sample rate RT digitizer is used to implement a full RT system, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal digitization qualityVSAvoiddigitizer requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses a lower-resolution, moderate sample rate digitizer that performs continuous sampling at a fixed rate, taking more samples than strictly necessary per pulse. By accumulating and averaging multiple samples, the system achieves high measurement precision without requiring an expensive high-speed digitizer, thus reducing device complexity and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

4Measurement precision

If multiple samples are taken at each delay setting to allow for averaging, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases due to the number of pulses required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenoise reductionVSAvoidacquisition time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously samples the reflected wave without waiting for complete pulse cycles, accumulating samples across multiple pulses in real-time. This continuous accumulation allows noise reduction through averaging while minimizing acquisition time, as the system does not need to complete full pulse sequences between samples.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces capture time, avoids jitter errors, and enables high-resolution signal analysis at a lower cost than full real-time systems, while effectively distinguishing coherent signals and reducing noise.

Implementation Method 1

a transmitting antenna directs an impulse toward the ground. A receiving antenna then receives a direct wave from the transmitting antenna, followed by a reflected wave from the ground

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

A receiving antenna then receives a direct wave from the transmitting antenna, followed by a reflected wave from the ground

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentUS9581690B2Almost real-time sampling for ground-penetrating radar impulses
Publication Date: 2017.02.28 TEKTRONIX INC
  • US9581690B2 patent drawing
  • US9581690B2 patent drawing
  • US9581690B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A ground-penetrating RADAR-based system can include a transmitter configured to transmit multiple RADAR impulses and a receiver configured to receive a signal comprising return waves generated responsive to the transmitted RADAR impulses. The signal can include a direct wave portion and a reflected wave portion. The system can also include a processing unit configured to analyze the return waves by determining the direct wave portion, fitting the direct wave portion to determine parametric information corresponding to the return waves, determining the reflected wave portion, determining characteristics of the reflected wave portion based on the parametric information, and comparing the determined characteristics against known characteristics.