Graded Absorption Ammonia Decarburization Apparatus
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ammonia-based decarbonization methods face inefficiencies in CO2 removal and high ammonia escape, particularly in systems using staged absorption and regeneration, which result in high energy consumption and low decarbonization efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A staged absorption method utilizing an absorption circulating liquid with ammonium salts, controlling the molar ratio of ammonia to CO2 and reaction conditions such as temperature and pH, to enhance decarbonization efficiency while minimizing ammonia escape through multi-stage gas-liquid contact and ammonia addition strategies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of substance
If traditional ammonia-based decarbonization methods are used, then CO2 removal is achieved, but ammonia escape increases and decarbonization efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The absorption system is divided into multiple stages (first absorption stage, second absorption stage, third absorption stage) with each stage having different operating conditions. This segmentation allows optimized CO2 removal at each stage while controlling ammonia escape, resolving the contradiction between ammonia loss and decarbonization efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by varying temperature and ammonia-to-carbon ratio across different absorption stages. The first stage operates at lower temperature with higher ammonia-to-carbon ratio, while subsequent stages use higher temperatures and lower ratios, optimizing both CO2 removal efficiency and ammonia escape control.
2Productivity
If multi-stage absorption system is implemented, then decarbonization efficiency improves, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
Temperature parameters are optimized across stages to balance energy consumption and decarbonization efficiency. The first stage uses lower temperature (0-20°C) reducing energy input, while subsequent stages use progressively higher temperatures to maintain efficiency without excessive energy cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts operating parameters (temperature, ammonia-to-carbon ratio) across different stages based on the specific requirements of each absorption step, allowing efficient CO2 removal while minimizing overall energy consumption through adaptive parameter optimization.
3Productivity
If higher ammonia-to-carbon ratio is used in absorption, then CO2 removal efficiency increases, but ammonia escape worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The absorption process is segmented into multiple stages with different ammonia-to-carbon ratios. The first stage uses a higher ratio (0.5-2.0) for efficient CO2 removal, while subsequent stages use lower ratios (0.1-0.5), distributing the ammonia usage optimally to maintain efficiency while reducing overall ammonia escape.
Solution Approach 2:
The ammonia-to-carbon ratio parameter is systematically changed across absorption stages. By varying this parameter from higher in early stages to lower in later stages, the system achieves high CO2 removal efficiency in each stage while controlling total ammonia loss through optimized parameter distribution.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method achieves a CO2 removal efficiency of at least 60% with reduced ammonia escape, lowering operational costs and improving decarbonization performance compared to previous technologies.
Implementation Method 1
The chemical absorption method using ammonia as the absorption liquid has the characteristics of strong absorption capacity
Implementation Method 2
uses an absorption circulating liquid containing ammonium salts to remove carbon dioxide in gas
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
Staged absorption ammonia-based decarbonization using an absorption circulating liquid containing ammonium salts to remove carbon dioxide in a gas, and control ammonia escape while realizing efficient decarbonization through staged solution composition control and reaction condition control. Staged solution composition control may include concentration gradient control of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonia, or combinations thereof, which may be characterized by the molar ratio of total ammonia to total CO2. Reaction condition control may include temperature control, pH control, and pressure control. The flue gas may enter the decarbonization tower, and through staged absorption, establishment of concentration, temperature, and multi-point addition of ammonia, decarbonization efficiency may be improved, decarbonization operating costs may be saved, and ammonia escape may be controlled.