Federated Learning Gradient Partitioning for AirComp Reliability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing AI integration in wireless communication systems face challenges in optimizing power consumption and radio resource overhead, particularly in deep learning applications for wireless transmission, due to limitations in training data acquisition and complexity of wireless channel characteristics.
Innovation Solution
A data partition-based modulation method for Over-the-Air Computation (airComp) is employed, where gradient information is split into low and high priority components, transmitted over distinct frequency and time domains using airComp and digital links, respectively, to reduce power consumption and resource overhead.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If gradient information is transmitted using conventional digital transmission methods, then transmission reliability is improved, but power consumption and radio resource overhead increase
Solution Approach 1:
The gradient information is segmented into two parts: high-priority information (transmitted via digital transmission for reliability) and low-priority information (transmitted via airComp for energy efficiency). This segmentation allows the system to achieve reliable transmission of critical data while reducing overall power consumption by using the more energy-efficient airComp method for less critical data.
2Use of energy by moving object
If all gradient information is transmitted over airComp link, then power consumption is reduced, but transmission reliability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
Different transmission quality levels are applied to different parts of the gradient information based on their priority. High-priority information receives high-quality digital transmission with error correction and reliable delivery guarantees, while low-priority information uses lower-quality airComp transmission that is more energy-efficient but less reliable. This local differentiation of quality matches the transmission method to the actual needs of each data portion.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If gradient information is transmitted using orthogonal resources, then interference is reduced, but radio resource overhead increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple devices transmit their low-priority gradient information simultaneously over the same airComp resources without requiring orthogonal separation. The analog nature of airComp allows these transmissions to be combined in the air, and the base station aggregates them to recover the individual gradient values. This merging approach eliminates the need for orthogonal resource allocation, significantly reducing radio resource overhead while maintaining acceptable interference levels through the inherent properties of airComp.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an apparatus and method for obtaining gradient information in a wireless communication system. A terminal establishes a digital transmission link with a base station, and establishes an airComp link, a link for federated learning, with the base station. (New) The acquires obtains the gradient information corresponding to data, and obtains first information and second information from the gradient information based on data splitting modulation. (New) The first information is lower priority information among information obtained based on the gradient information, and the second information is high priority information among information obtained based on the gradient information. (New) The terminal transmits the first information to the base station on a first region, and transmits the second information to the base station on a second region. The first region is a resource region used on the airComp link, and the second region is a resource region used on a digital transmission link.