Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheet Manufacturing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets struggle to effectively reduce core loss and its variations, which is crucial for energy-efficient transformer applications, as they require precise control of magnetic domains and are costly in terms of man-hours and resources.

Innovation Solution

A manufacturing method that involves adjusting the composition of the slab, particularly the Sn and P content, and optimizing the conditions of hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold rolling, and nitridation treatment to increase the number of grains in the Goss orientation, thereby improving core loss and reducing its variations without the need for complex domain control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If artificial grooves and/or strains are introduced into the surface to subdivide 180-degree magnetic domains, then eddy current loss is drastically decreased, but manufacturing cost and man hours increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveeddy current lossVSAvoidmanufacturing cost and man hours
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The steel sheet performs self-service by utilizing its inherent material properties (Sn and P contents, crystal grain structure) to achieve magnetic domain subdivision and reduce eddy current loss, eliminating the need for external artificial groove introduction and complex domain control processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The mechanical process of artificially introducing grooves and strains is replaced by chemical and metallurgical control during manufacturing, specifically by adjusting Sn and P content ranges and controlling hot-rolled sheet annealing conditions to achieve the desired magnetic properties through material composition rather than mechanical modification

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Loss of energy

If annealing conditions are adjusted to improve core loss, then magnetic properties are enhanced, but it has been difficult to sufficiently improve core loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecore lossVSAvoidcore loss improvement sufficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes key material parameters by specifying precise ranges for Sn content (0.003% to 0.030%) and P content (0.005% to 0.025%), and by controlling hot-rolled sheet annealing conditions (temperature of 750°C to 1200°C, time of 30 seconds to 10 minutes), which enables sufficient core loss improvement that previous annealing condition adjustments alone could not achieve

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite effect by combining specific alloying elements (Sn, P, Si, Mn, Al) with controlled processing conditions (hot-rolled sheet annealing parameters) to achieve a synergistic improvement in magnetic properties and core loss reduction that exceeds the effect of individual parameters

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively improves core loss and reduces its variations, enhancing the magnetic properties of the steel sheets without the need for costly domain control methods, resulting in more efficient energy conversion.

Implementation Method 1

a slab is heated at a temperature of 1300°C or higher to solid-dissolve fine precipitates called inhibitors almost completely

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolid-dissolution:

Implementation Method 2

performing hot-rolled sheet annealing of the hot-rolled steel sheet more than once to obtain an annealed steel sheet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRecrystallization:

Implementation Method 3

performing cold rolling of the annealed steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet; performing decarburization annealing of the cold-rolled steel sheet to obtain a decarburization-annealed steel sheet in which primary recrystallization has been caused

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrimary recrystallization:

Implementation Method 4

finish annealing the decarburization-annealed steel sheet to make secondary recrystallization occur

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSecondary recrystallization:

Implementation Method 5

The control of the orientation of crystal grains is conducted with catastrophic grain growth phenomenon called secondary recrystallization

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatastrophic grain growth:

Implementation Method 6

thereafter, is subjected to hot-rolling, cold-rolling, decarburization annealing, a nitridation treatment, finish annealing, and so on, to cause AlN, (Al, Si)N, and so on to precipitate as an inhibitor during the nitridation treatment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNitridation: Nitriding

Implementation Method 7

to cause AlN, (Al, Si)N, and so on to precipitate as an inhibitor during the nitridation treatment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrecipitation: Precipitation

Implementation Method 8

is subjected to hot-rolling, cold-rolling, annealing, and so on

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Data Source

PatentEP2876173B9Manufacturing method of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet
Publication Date: 2019.06.19 NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORP
  • EP2876173B9 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A slab having a desired composition containing Sn: 0.02% to 0.20% and P: 0.010% to 0.080% is used. A finishing temperature of hot rolling is 950°C or lower, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed at 800°C to 1200°C, a cooling rate from 750°C to 300°C in the hot-rolled sheet annealing is 10°C/second to 300°C/second, and a reduction ratio of cold rolling is 85% or more. A nitridation treatment in which an N content of a decarburization-annealed steel sheet is increased is performed between beginning of decarburization annealing and occurrence of secondary recrystallization in finish annealing.