3D Graphene Network Electrodes for Fast High-Power Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current high-power switches, such as Krytron and spark gap switches, are cumbersome, unreliable, and have slow switching times, leading to reduced operating frequencies and increased jitter, making them unsuitable for high-frequency electromagnetic applications, especially in challenging environments like space and submarine settings.
Innovation Solution
Employing a three-dimensional graphene network for the electrodes of a high-power switch circuit, combined with a trigger device such as a pulsed laser or trigger voltage source, to control the electrical current, reducing rise and fall times and extending the switch's lifespan.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If conventional high-power switches (Krytron or spark gap) are used, then the switch can handle high power, but the rise and fall times are slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameter of the electrode from conventional materials to three-dimensional graphene network, which fundamentally alters the electrical and thermal properties. This material parameter change enables faster electron emission and more efficient heat dissipation, directly reducing rise and fall times while maintaining high-power handling capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite structure combining three-dimensional graphene network with conventional electrode materials. The graphene network forms a porous framework that provides both mechanical support and enhanced electrical pathways, creating a composite material that achieves superior switching performance while maintaining structural integrity
2Reliability
If conventional high-power switches are used, then the switch can operate at high power, but the jitter is increased
Solution Approach 1:
The three-dimensional graphene network changes the temporal parameters of electron emission and current establishment. The unique structure provides more uniform electron emission characteristics and reduces variability in switching timing, thereby reducing jitter and improving temporal precision of the switch operation
3Productivity
If conventional high-power switches are used, then the switch can handle high voltage, but the operating frequency is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the thermal and electrical parameters of the electrode material, enabling faster recovery between switching cycles. The three-dimensional graphene network's superior thermal conductivity allows rapid heat dissipation, while its electrical properties enable quick re-establishment of the electric field, thus increasing operating frequency without compromising power handling
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the switching cycle parameters by utilizing the fast response characteristics of graphene electrodes. The reduced rise and fall times allow for shorter pulse durations and higher repetition rates, enabling periodic operation at higher frequencies while maintaining effective high-power switching
4Duration of action of stationary object
If conventional high-power switches are used, then the switch can function in electromagnetic applications, but the lifespan is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The composite structure of three-dimensional graphene network provides both mechanical robustness and environmental stability. The graphene framework resists degradation from thermal cycling, electrical arcing, and environmental factors, extending the operational lifespan while maintaining performance in demanding environments such as space and submarine applications
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The three-dimensional graphene network electrodes provide faster switching times and lower jitter, enhancing the switch's lifespan and performance in demanding environments, enabling efficient electromagnetic wave generation and communication.
Implementation Method 1
One or more of the cathode and the anode comprises a three-dimensional graphene network
Implementation Method 2
a trigger device configured to selectively control triggering of an electrical current between the cathode and the anode
Data Source
AI summary
One disclosed example provides a high-power switch circuit, comprising a cathode and an anode. One or more of the cathode and the anode comprises a three-dimensional graphene network. The high-power switch circuit further comprising a gap separating the cathode and the anode, a high-power voltage source electrically connected to the cathode and the anode, and a trigger device configured to selectively control triggering of an electrical current between the cathode and the anode.