Transparent Photodetector Using Graphene and Quantum Dots

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ambient-light sensors in mobile devices are bulky due to the poor light-absorbing properties of silicon photodiodes, occupying valuable space and compromising the size and thickness of mobile devices, while existing solutions for spectral discrimination are inefficient and non-transparent.

Innovation Solution

The use of graphene films combined with semiconductor quantum dots or nanocrystals, arranged in monolayers and configured as phototransistors, which modulate conductivity based on incident light wavelengths to provide small, transparent, and color-sensitive detectors for spectral analysis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If silicon photodiodes are used as photodetector devices, then the sensors can detect ambient light, but the sensors occupy a fairly large area or are quite bulky due to significant thickness being required to absorb sufficient light

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight detection capabilityVSAvoidsensor area
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from silicon to graphene-quantum dot composite, which fundamentally alters the light absorption characteristics. This material substitution enables sufficient light absorption with dramatically reduced thickness, resolving the contradiction between detection reliability and sensor area

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a composite structure combining graphene and quantum dots, where graphene provides the conductive base and quantum dots enhance light absorption efficiency. This composite material approach achieves high light absorption in a thin configuration, eliminating the need for bulky silicon photodiodes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Adaptability or versatility

If several features are embedded in a handset of a mobile device, then the functionality is enhanced, but the size of the screen is reduced due to limited space on surfaces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice functionalityVSAvoidscreen area
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the photodetector function directly into the display structure by integrating graphene-quantum dot layers onto the screen surface. This integration allows the sensor to share the same space as the display, enabling both full-screen functionality and ambient light sensing without sacrificing screen area

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The graphene-quantum dot structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as both the display surface and the photodetector for ambient light sensing. This multi-functionality resolves the space conflict by making the screen itself serve dual purposes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Length of stationary object

If the thickness of the photodetector is reduced to minimize area, then the device becomes thinner and lighter, but the light absorption capability is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor thicknessVSAvoidlight absorption capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the optical parameters of the photodetector material from silicon to graphene-quantum dot composite, which has superior light absorption efficiency per unit thickness. This parameter change enables thin design without sacrificing absorption capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies quantum dots selectively to enhance light absorption at specific locations and wavelengths on the graphene surface. This localized enhancement of absorption quality allows thin overall structure while maintaining high light capture efficiency where needed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables miniaturization of ambient-light sensors, allowing for efficient spectral discrimination and integration directly on mobile device screens without occupying additional space, while maintaining high sensitivity and transparency.

Implementation Method 1

receiving incident light on a first arrangement of quantum dots of a first type located in contact with a first graphene film as a first monolayer and on a second arrangement of quantum dots of a second type located in contact with the first graphene film as a second monolayer; modulating a conductivity of the first graphene film based on wavelengths of the received incident light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2981988B1Transparent photodetector for mobile devices
Publication Date: 2022.02.16 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP2981988B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP2981988B1 patent drawingFigure 1B~1E
  • EP2981988B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B

AI summary

An apparatus comprises a graphene film (220); a first arrangement of quantum dots (230) of a first type located in contact with the graphene film (220) as a first monolayer; a second arrangement of quantum dots (230) of a second type located in contact with the graphene film (220) as a second monolayer; an input voltage source (Vdd) connected to an end of the graphene film (220); and an output voltage probe (260) connected to the graphene film (220) between the first arrangement of quantum dots (230) and the second arrangement of quantum dots (230).