Grating Scanning Single-Molecule Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing single molecule detection methods require high-quality imaging equipment and result in low detection speed due to the need to count luminescent analytes from images.
Innovation Solution
A single molecule detection method utilizing grating scanning recognition, where capture beads bound with analytes are scanned column by column using a grating detection device, allowing for real-time counting of analytes through grating ports and optical sensors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If imaging method is used to count luminescent analytes, then detection sensitivity is improved, but detection speed deteriorates and equipment complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection field is divided into multiple grating ports arranged in columns, with each grating port independently scanning and counting luminescent analytes in its specific region. This segmentation allows parallel processing of multiple detection zones simultaneously, significantly improving detection speed while maintaining sensitivity through the collective data from all grating ports.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex imaging systems with a simpler grating-based optical scanning system. Instead of capturing entire images and processing them computationally, the grating ports directly scan and count luminescent analytes through optical paths, substituting mechanical/image processing complexity with direct optical detection that is both sensitive and fast.
2Measurement precision
If imaging method is used to count luminescent analytes, then detection sensitivity is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is segmented into multiple independent grating ports, each with its own optical path and sensing element. This modular segmentation simplifies the overall device architecture by breaking down the complex imaging system into multiple simple, identical units that can be independently manufactured and maintained, reducing overall device complexity while preserving detection sensitivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes complex imaging equipment with a grating-based optical scanning system. The grating ports directly guide light from luminescent analytes to sensing elements through simple optical paths, eliminating the need for complex cameras, lenses, and image processing systems, thereby significantly reducing device complexity while maintaining high detection sensitivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enhances detection speed and accuracy by enabling real-time counting of analytes, reducing the need for high-end imaging equipment and minimizing light interference between adjacent capture beads.
Implementation Method 1
each analyte is bound with a luminescent substance
Implementation Method 2
one sensing element is corresponding to one grating port and can sense incident light at the grating port; when the sensing element senses the incident light, a signal is fed back to the signal processor
Data Source
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Figure 5~6A
AI summary
A single molecule detection method based on grating scanning recognition, in which a large number of capture beads are scattered on a bead retaining plate (or a detection chip). At least part of the capture beads are specifically bound with an analyte, and each analyte is bound with a luminescent substance. Grating ports of a grating detection device are used to scan the capture beads column by column from the capture beads arranged at one end. The number of the capture beads bound with a marker is synchronously counted. The capture beads on the whole bead retaining plate are scanned through transverse relative movement between the grating ports and the capture beads. The total number of analytes can be obtained after scanning is completed. In the present invention, the number of detected substances is obtained in real time by counting the capture beads while scanning, in combination with the number of capture beads with a marker, which greatly improves the detection speed.