Grating Spreader for Multiview Display Backlight

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Solution Overview

Problem

Passive electronic displays, such as LCDs and EP displays, face limitations in practical applications due to their inability to emit light, necessitating the use of external light sources like backlights to function effectively.

Innovation Solution

A backlight system with an angle-preserving scattering feature and a grating spreader is employed, providing spatio-angularly homogenous light with multiple principal angular directions to facilitate uniform illumination and enhance the functionality of multiview displays by emitting light in various directions, effectively overcoming the limitations of passive displays.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If passive displays (LCDs, EP displays) are used, then power consumption is low and inherent display quality is good, but they cannot emit light and have limited practical application

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidinability to emit light
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines passive display technology with an active backlight system into an integrated multiview display device. The backlight unit merges light emission functionality with the passive display panel, enabling the display to emit light in multiple directions while maintaining low power consumption characteristics of passive displays.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The backlight system is designed to provide multiple functions: it serves as both an illumination source and a light distribution mechanism that directs light to multiple viewing angles. The grating spreader and angle-preserving scattering feature work together to create a universal lighting solution that supports multiview functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Object-generated harmful factors

If external light sources are coupled to passive displays, then light emission capability is achieved, but uniform illumination and angular homogeneity are difficult to achieve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight emission capabilityVSAvoiduniformity of illumination
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The grating spreader acts as an intermediary optical element between the light source and the display panel. It diffracts and redistributes light to achieve uniform angular distribution, while the angle-preserving scattering feature serves as another intermediary that maintains beam directionality while providing scattering for even illumination across the display surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs optical parameters manipulation through the grating spreader's diffraction angle and the scattering feature's angular characteristics. By carefully selecting and adjusting these optical parameters, the system achieves spatio-angularly homogenous light distribution that provides uniform illumination across multiple viewing angles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Illumination intensity

If grating spreader with diffractive features is used, then spatio-angularly homogenous light is achieved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatio-angular homogeneityVSAvoiddiffractive feature precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The grating spreader is implemented as a thin film or coating layer applied to the light guide plate. This approach reduces manufacturing complexity compared to creating precise three-dimensional diffractive structures, as thin film deposition techniques can achieve the required diffractive patterns with standard semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

4Adaptability or versatility

If angle-preserving scattering feature is used, then multiple directional light beams are produced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemultiple viewing directionsVSAvoidoptical feature complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The angle-preserving scattering feature is merged with the light guide plate structure itself, rather than being a separate component. This integration reduces device complexity by combining multiple functions (light guiding, scattering, and angle preservation) into a single structural element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides uniform illumination and enhances the functionality of multiview displays by allowing them to emit light in multiple directions, improving their practical applications and user experience.

Implementation Method 1

a grating spreader configured to spread out light from a light source to provide spatio-angularly homogenous light within the light guide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

a light guide configured to guide light... an angle-preserving scattering feature configured to scatter light within the light guide while preserving the angle of propagation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectScattering: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP3867694B1Backlight, multiview display and method having a grating spreader
Publication Date: 2024.06.26 LEIA INC
  • EP3867694B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3867694B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3A
  • EP3867694B1 patent drawingFigure 3B~3C

AI summary

A backlight and a multiview display employ a light guide having angle-preserving scattering feature and a grating spreader. The angle-preserving scattering feature is configured to scatter a portion of guided light out of the light guide as emitted light. The grating spreader includes a diffraction grating and is configured to convert light provided by a light source into spatio-angularly homogenous light to be guided as the guided light. The multiview display includes an array of light valves as well as the angle-preserving scattering feature that includes a multibeam element having a size that is comparable to a size of a light valve of the light valve array.