Grease Composition for Constant Velocity Joints

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Solution Overview

Problem

Constant velocity joints in motor vehicles experience wear, friction, and noise due to complex motions, and existing greases fail to provide adequate compatibility with elastomeric boots, leading to premature failure and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues, while also causing degradation of boot materials.

Innovation Solution

A grease composition comprising 65-86.9% base oil, 16-20% calcium sulphonate soap or complex soap as a thickener, 0.3-2% trinuclear molybdenum compound, and 0.5-2% molybdenum dithiocarbamate, with a base oil blend of poly-α-olefins, naphthenic, and paraffinic oils, and additional additives like molybdenum dithiophosphate and zinc dithiophosphate to reduce friction and wear.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If naphthenic mineral oils and synthetic esters are used as base oils, then lubrication performance is improved, but boot materials swell and performance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelubrication performanceVSAvoidboot material stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the base oil by using exclusively paraffinic mineral oils and poly-α-olefin synthetic oils, eliminating naphthenic components. This parameter change resolves the contradiction by maintaining lubrication performance through optimized viscosity characteristics while preventing boot material swelling by removing the harmful naphthenic compounds that cause elastomer degradation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the potential harm of base oil extraction into a benefit by carefully selecting paraffinic and poly-α-olefin oils that have minimal extraction and diffusion effects on boot materials. The base oils are formulated to provide excellent lubrication while their chemical structure inherently resists interacting with elastomeric plastics, thus transforming the base oil's role from a potential boot degrader to a stable, compatible lubricant.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Stability of the object's composition

If paraffinic mineral oils and poly-α-olefin synthetic oils are used, then boot shrinkage is prevented, but lubrication performance may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveboot material stabilityVSAvoidlubrication performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the viscosity parameters of the paraffinic and poly-α-olefin base oils to ensure they provide adequate lubrication film thickness and pressure-viscosity characteristics. By carefully selecting oils with appropriate viscosity grades and adding performance-enhancing additives, the patent achieves both boot compatibility and superior lubrication performance, eliminating the perceived compromise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite grease formulation by combining paraffinic and poly-α-olefin base oils with calcium sulfonate complex thickeners and multiple additive packages. This composite approach synergistically combines the boot-compatible base oils with performance-enhancing additives, achieving both boot material stability and excellent lubrication characteristics that neither component could achieve alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Object-generated harmful factors

If friction modifiers are added to reduce friction, then NVH is reduced, but wear protection may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNVHVSAvoidwear protection
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple protective functions into a unified additive package by combining friction modifiers (organomolybdenum compounds, molybdenum dithiocarbamates) with wear protection additives (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, sulfurized isoparaffin) and extreme pressure agents. This merged formulation simultaneously addresses friction-induced NVH and wear protection needs, eliminating the trade-off between reducing noise and maintaining wear resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent develops a composite grease system where the base grease (paraffinic and poly-α-olefin oils with calcium sulfonate complex) is combined with a multi-component additive package. This composite structure allows different additives to perform specialized functions - friction modifiers reduce NVH while wear additives protect contact surfaces, with all components working synergistically to provide comprehensive protection without compromise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The grease composition significantly reduces friction coefficient and wear, enhances compatibility with rubber and thermoplastic elastomer boots, and extends the lifespan of constant velocity joints by preventing premature failure and NVH issues.

Implementation Method 1

16-20% calcium sulphonate soap or complex soap as a thickener

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThickening:

Implementation Method 2

0.3-2% trinuclear molybdenum compound, and 0.5-2% molybdenum dithiocarbamate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBoundary lubrication: Lubrication

Implementation Method 3

65-86.9% base oil, with a base oil blend of poly-α-olefins, naphthenic, and paraffinic oils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid film lubrication: Lubrication

Data Source

PatentEP2260090B1Grease composition for use in constant velocity joints
Publication Date: 2013.08.28 GKN DRIVELINE INT GMBH
  • EP2260090B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2260090B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2260090B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

In order to solve the object, to provide for a grease composition which has a good compatibility with boots made of rubber or thermoplastic elastomere, and which also gives enhanced endurance, low wear and low friction in use in constant velocity joints, a grease composition is suggested comprising a) at least one base oil; b) 5 % by weight to 40 % by weight of at least one calcium sulphonate soap and/or calcium sulphonate complex soap as a thickener; and c) at least one molybdenum containing additive.