Grid Impedance Estimation for Islanding Detection Without Signal Injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for detecting islanding conditions in grid-tied power converters using LCL filters introduce harmonic components that can affect other systems, leading to efficiency issues and potential disconnection, as they require signal injection to estimate grid impedance.

Innovation Solution

A method that estimates grid impedance without injecting additional signals by using a digital controller to separate the transfer function of the power converter, LCL filter, and grid, employing a recursive least squares algorithm to calculate coefficients, and adjusting current controller parameters to maintain system efficiency and detect islanding conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If signal injection methods are used to estimate grid impedance, then measurement precision is improved, but object-generated harmful factors worsen due to harmonic components affecting other systems

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegrid impedance estimation accuracyVSAvoidharmonic components affecting other systems
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the necessary information (grid impedance parameters) from the system's normal operation signals without requiring additional signal injection. The recursive least squares algorithm processes existing current and voltage measurements to obtain impedance estimates, eliminating the need to inject periodic or non-periodic signals that would generate harmful harmonics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses its own operational signals (current and voltage measurements during normal operation) to estimate grid impedance. The method enables the system to self-diagnose grid conditions using data already available from its operation, without requiring external signal injection that would disturb the grid and affect other connected systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If signal injection is performed to detect islanding conditions, then detection capability is improved, but productivity worsens due to system disconnections and efficiency loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveislanding condition detection capabilityVSAvoidsystem efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables continuous monitoring of grid impedance parameters during normal system operation without interrupting power flow or causing system disconnections. The recursive least squares algorithm continuously updates impedance estimates using ongoing current and voltage measurements, allowing islanding detection while maintaining uninterrupted system operation and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional signal injection methods (which require active perturbation of the system) with a computational approach using recursive least squares algorithm. This substitution allows detection of islanding conditions through mathematical processing of normal operational signals, eliminating the need to disrupt system operation for detection purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If LCL filters are used in power converters, then switching noise attenuation is improved, but device complexity worsens due to high-order dynamics and resonant modes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching noise attenuationVSAvoidhigh-order dynamics and resonant modes
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the estimated grid impedance parameters are continuously used to adjust the current controller settings. The recursive least squares algorithm provides real-time impedance information that feeds back to the controller, enabling adaptive tuning that compensates for the complex dynamics of LCL filters and maintains stability despite the high-order system characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically changes controller parameters based on estimated grid impedance conditions. By continuously updating impedance estimates and adjusting controller gains accordingly, the system adapts to varying operating conditions and compensates for the resonant modes inherent in LCL filter configurations, maintaining performance without requiring oversimplified filter designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3637574B1Method for estimating electrical parameters of a grid
Publication Date: 2024.02.21 UNIVE DE VIGO
  • EP3637574B1 patent drawingFigure 1a
  • EP3637574B1 patent drawingFigure 1b
  • EP3637574B1 patent drawingFigure 2a

AI summary

This invention describes a method (100) for estimating the electrical parameters of a grid (1) which are relevant for detecting islanding conditions and for the operation of a power converter (5) connected to said grid (1).