Low-Voltage Grid State Estimation for Sparse-Sensor Control

The patent creates a virtual copy of the physical power network through state estimation algorithms. Instead of deploying physical sensors everywhere, the system creates a digital model that replicates network behavior by estimating states at unmonitored locations based on measurements from limited sensor locations and known network parameters.

The patent introduces state estimation algorithms as an intermediary between limited physical measurements and comprehensive network monitoring requirements. These algorithms process measurements from few sensors combined with network topology and parameter information to infer the complete network state, acting as a mediator that bridges the gap between sparse measurements and full observability.

The patent implements closed-loop feedback control where the state estimation system continuously monitors network conditions and feeds this information back to regulation devices. The system compares estimated network states against predefined voltage and thermal limits, automatically triggering regulation actions when limits are approached or violated, ensuring continuous compliance without manual intervention.

The patent enables the power network to self-regulate by automatically detecting limit violations through state estimation and autonomously controlling regulation devices. The system serves itself by continuously monitoring its own state, identifying problems, and implementing corrections without external operator intervention, thereby maintaining reliability while reducing operational complexity.

The patent addresses the dynamic nature of decentralized energy resources by implementing continuous state estimation that adapts to changing network conditions. The system dynamically updates network state information in real-time as generators, storage systems, and loads vary, allowing the control system to respond to dynamic changes rather than relying on static models.

The patent creates a universal control framework that can accommodate various types of decentralized energy resources including photovoltaic systems, biogas plants, heat pumps, and electric vehicles. The state estimation and regulation system is designed to handle diverse resource types and operational patterns through a unified approach, making the system adaptable to different configurations without requiring resource-specific control logic.