Normal Incident Guided-Mode-Resonance Biosensor for Procalcitonin Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional medical tests for sepsis are time-consuming, require extensive reagents, and have limitations in measuring sample concentrations, leading to delayed treatment and high mortality rates due to the complexity of current methods.
Innovation Solution
A normal incident guided-mode-resonance biosensor system comprising a light source, lenses, polarizers, beam splitters, and a bio-sensing chip with a grating and waveguide layer, utilizing metal nanoparticles and antibodies to detect procalcitonin, which includes a processing unit for analyzing sensing signals to calculate concentration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional medical tests are used for sepsis detection, then measurement accuracy can be maintained, but testing time is excessively long and requires extensive reagents
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical/chemical medical testing systems with an optical sensing system. The biosensor uses light interaction with biological samples to detect sepsis markers, eliminating the need for lengthy incubation and complex chemical reagent processes while maintaining detection accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from traditional concentration-based measurement to optical property measurement (absorbance, fluorescence, or other optical signals). This parameter change enables rapid detection without requiring long incubation periods for pathogen multiplication
2Reliability
If traditional medical tests are used, then comprehensive analysis is possible, but device complexity and reagent requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and isolates the critical detection function from the complex traditional testing system. By focusing on detecting specific sepsis markers through optical means, it removes unnecessary complexity, incubation steps, and extensive reagent requirements while maintaining detection reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces optical intermediaries (light sources, detectors, optical paths) as mediators between the biological sample and the detection system. This intermediary approach simplifies the direct interaction required in traditional tests while maintaining reliable detection through optical signal transduction
3Measurement precision
If blood incubation is performed to reach sufficient pathogen levels, then detection sensitivity improves, but treatment time is delayed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary detection of sepsis markers directly in the blood sample without waiting for pathogen multiplication. By detecting existing markers immediately rather than waiting for incubation to amplify pathogen levels, it eliminates treatment delay while maintaining sensitivity through marker detection
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive detection of procalcitonin concentrations, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods by accurately measuring refractive index changes and enabling quick results, even in emergency situations or for large sample batches.
Implementation Method 1
a grating, disposed on the substrate, the grating diffracting the light beam for reflection to generate an emitted light
Implementation Method 2
a waveguide layer, disposed on the grating, the waveguide layer adjusting a resonance wavelength after the light beam is incident
Implementation Method 3
a polarizer, disposed relative to the first lens to filter and remove a transverse electric field mode light wave in the parallel light
Implementation Method 4
a 1⁄4λ wave plate, disposed relative to the beam splitter to rotate the transverse magnetic field mode light wave in the parallel light by 45°
Data Source
AI summary
A normal incident guided-mode-resonance biosensor and procalcitonin detection method using the same are provided and include a light source, a first lens, a polarizer, a beam splitter, a ¼λ wave plate, a second lens, a detection unit, and a processing unit. The light source provides a light beam. The first lens converts the light beam into a parallel light. The polarizer filters and removes a transverse electric field mode light wave in the parallel light. The beam splitter selectively forms a transverse magnetic field mode light wave in the parallel light. The ¼λ wave plate rotates the transverse magnetic field mode light wave in the parallel light by 45°. The second lens focuses the transverse magnetic field mode light wave to the bio-sensing chip. The detection unit receives an emitted light of the bio-sensing chip and generates a sensing signal.