Ground Structures Between Resonators for EM Wave Filters
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Solution Overview
Problem
Distributed electromagnetic wave filters face challenges in minimizing undesirable components due to wave propagation and coupling between non-adjacent resonators, which are not effectively addressed by standard design tools, and folding resonators to reduce size negatively impacts filter performance by increasing these components.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating conductive structures, such as vias or metal pieces, between electromagnetically coupled resonators that are not physically connected, to reduce coupling between non-adjacent resonators and create a grounded structure, thereby improving filter response by minimizing undesired waveguide propagation and coupling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If resonators are folded to reduce filter size, then the filter footprint is reduced, but coupling between non-adjacent resonators and waveguide propagation increase
Solution Approach 1:
Conductive structures (vias or metal pieces) are introduced as intermediary elements between adjacent resonators. These structures are connected to ground planes and serve to shield the electromagnetic fields, thereby reducing the harmful coupling between non-adjacent resonators while allowing the resonators to be folded for compact design.
2Volume of moving object
If resonators are folded to reduce filter size, then the filter footprint is reduced, but waveguide propagation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The conductive structures act as ground shields between the resonators, interrupting the waveguide path that would otherwise allow unwanted propagation. By connecting these structures to ground planes, the patent creates electromagnetic shielding that blocks waveguide propagation while maintaining the compact folded configuration.
3Reliability
If conductive structures are added between resonators to reduce unwanted coupling, then filter response improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Rather than modifying the entire filter structure, the patent applies conductive structures only in specific locations between adjacent resonators where ground planes are already present. This localized approach improves filter response by reducing unwanted coupling while minimizing the increase in overall device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the filter's response by reducing unwanted components, aligning it closer to the designed response, while also allowing for a more compact filter design by adjusting the resonator spacing.
Implementation Method 1
electromagnetically coupled resonators that are not physically connected
Implementation Method 2
create a grounded structure, thereby improving filter response by minimizing undesired waveguide propagation and coupling
Implementation Method 3
An electromagnetic wave 26 is coupled into the filter via an input 28 and is parallel-coupled from one resonator to the next and is coupled out of the filter as filtered wave 30
Implementation Method 4
A resonator oscillates at some frequency, called its resonance frequency, with greater amplitude than others
Data Source
AI summary
A distributed electromagnetic (EM) wave filter includes: a cavity; upper and lower ground planes on top and bottom surfaces of the cavity, wherein the upper and lower ground planes are in electrical contact; a plurality of electromagnetically coupled resonators in said cavity between the upper and lower ground planes that define respective transmission lines, wherein the plurality of resonators are not connected to each other by a conductive connection; an input port coupled to a first one of the plurality of resonators to receive an EM wave; an output port coupled to a last one of the plurality of resonators to output a filtered EM wave; and a plurality of conductive structures between adjacent resonators, respectively and connected to one or more of the upper and lower ground planes.