Group-Based Data Stream Watermarking for Integrity Verification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing data stream watermarking technologies fail to effectively detect anomalies and tampering while maintaining data integrity, especially in the presence of small distortions and modifications.
Innovation Solution
A group-based watermarking scheme that embeds watermarks by replacing the least significant bits of data elements within synchronized groups, using cryptographic hash functions to ensure security and detectability, with verification processes to authenticate data streams and locate modifications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If watermarks are embedded in data streams to detect anomalies and tampering, then data integrity and security are improved, but data distortion and loss of information occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by modifying only the least significant bits of data elements for watermark embedding, while preserving the most significant bits that carry the actual data information. This selective modification allows the watermark to be embedded with minimal impact on data integrity and usability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses partial action by embedding watermarks in only the least significant bits rather than modifying the entire data stream. This partial modification approach ensures that the watermark can be detected while maintaining the overall quality and integrity of the data.
2Difficulty of detecting and measuring
If existing watermarking technologies are used to detect anomalies, then detection capability is improved, but false positives and negatives increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and embedding watermarks in the least significant bits before any potential tampering occurs. This allows for more accurate detection of anomalies since the reference watermark is already in place and has not been affected by subsequent data modifications.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms through verification processes that compare the embedded watermarks with expected values. This feedback loop allows the system to detect anomalies and adjust detection parameters to reduce false positives and negatives.
3Reliability
If watermarks are embedded to verify data stream integrity, then security is improved, but processing time and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent reduces processing time by focusing watermark embedding and verification operations only on the least significant bits of data elements, rather than processing the entire data stream. This localized approach significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining security.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts only the necessary information for watermark embedding from the data stream (the least significant bits), separating this from the main data processing operations. This extraction allows for more efficient processing since the watermark operations can be performed independently and in parallel.
Data Source
AI summary
A watermarking system embeds a watermark into data values that may be streamed. A data hash is calculated using data values and a hash key. The data values are grouped. The groups include a first group and a second group. A first group hash is calculated using data values in the first group and a first group hash key. A second group hash is calculated using data values in the second group and a second group hash key. A watermark is constructed based on the first group hash and the second group hash. The value of at least one of the data values in the first group is modified using the watermark.