Group 6 Metathesis Catalysts for Low-Loading Stable Conversion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing metathesis catalysts, particularly those based on molybdenum and tungsten, require high molar amounts and are susceptible to degradation, making them costly and less suitable for industrial applications.
Innovation Solution
Development of organometallic complexes, specifically compounds of Formula (I) and (II), which are stable and effective at low catalyst concentrations, enabling efficient metathesis reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional molybdenum and tungsten catalysts are used in metathesis reactions, then metathesis reaction can be achieved, but high molar amounts of catalyst are required and the catalysts are susceptible to degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the catalyst by developing new organometallic complexes with modified ligand structures (N-heterocyclic carbenes and pyridine derivatives). These parameter changes in catalyst composition enable the catalyst to achieve high activity and stability at low concentrations, resolving the contradiction between requiring high catalyst amounts and maintaining catalyst stability.
2Productivity
If high molar amounts of catalyst are used to achieve sufficient conversion, then conversion rate is improved, but cost-effectiveness deteriorates due to expensive catalysts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the catalyst structure parameters by incorporating specific ligand systems that enhance catalytic activity. This allows the catalyst to achieve high conversion rates at lower concentrations, improving cost-effectiveness by reducing the amount of expensive catalyst material needed while maintaining or enhancing productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite organometallic catalyst structures combining metal centers (molybdenum or tungsten) with specially designed organic ligand frameworks. This composite approach enhances the intrinsic activity of the catalyst, allowing lower catalyst loadings to achieve the same conversion rates, thereby improving cost-effectiveness.
3Quantity of substance
If conventional catalysts are applied in industrial scale processes, then large quantities are needed, but catalyst degradation and susceptibility to atmospheric gases make them difficult to use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops composite organometallic catalysts with robust ligand protection that enhances stability against atmospheric degradation. This allows the catalyst to maintain its activity and structure even at the lower concentrations required for industrial processes, resolving the contradiction between using large quantities and maintaining reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs catalysts with protective ligand structures that preemptively shield the active metal center from degradation by atmospheric gases. This beforehand protection allows the catalyst to remain stable and effective throughout the extended periods required for industrial-scale operations, even at lower concentrations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new organometallic complexes provide high conversion rates at low catalyst concentrations, enhancing the cost-effectiveness and stability for industrial-scale metathesis processes.
Implementation Method 1
Organometallic complexes and their use as catalyst compounds are generally disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the organometallic complexes disclosed herein catalyze a metathesis reaction between olefinically unsaturated compounds.
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides Group 6 complexes, which, in some embodiments, are useful for catalyzing olefin metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the compounds are compounds of the following formula: wherein: M is a Group 6 metal atom; X is an oxygen atom, =N-R5, =N-N(R5)(R5') or =N-0-R5, R5and R5' independently being various substituents, such as aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted; n is 0 or 1; Rz is a neutral ligand; R1 is hydrogen or an organic substituent; R2 is an aryl or heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted; R3 is an anionic ligand; and R4 is an anionic ligand, such as a pyrrolide, a pyrazolide, an imidazolide, an indolide, an azaindolide, or an indazolide, each optionally substituted.