GSSG Dication Salt Crystals for High Solubility and Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current crystals of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exhibit low solubility in water, limiting the preparation of high-concentration aqueous solutions, and existing salts like cation-containing monoammonium, disodium, dilithium, and disodium salts have inadequate solubility and stability for industrial use.
Innovation Solution
Development of GSSG dication salts such as disodium, dipotassium, dilithium, and diammonium salts in hydrate forms, specifically disodium hexahydrate, dipotassium trihydrate, dilithium trihydrate, and diammonium trihydrate, with optimized powder X-ray diffraction peaks and production methods involving non-crystalline amorphous forms and seed crystal precipitation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If free GSSG crystals (octahydrate, monohydrate, hexahydrate) are used, then the compound can be obtained in crystalline form, but the solubility in water is low, preventing preparation of high-concentration aqueous solutions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by forming dication salts with different cations (ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium) to alter the solubility and stability properties. This systematic parameter change allows optimization of both solubility and storage stability, resolving the contradiction between high solubility and storage stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite salt structures by combining GSSG with various cations (ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium) to form dication salts. These composite materials exhibit improved solubility and storage stability compared to free GSSG, addressing both requirements simultaneously.
2Quantity of substance
If cation-containing monoammonium salt is used, then solubility is improved compared to free GSSG, but the solubility at 25°C is only 34.8 mass %, which is regarded as insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies the cation type in the dication salts (ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium) to optimize solubility. This parameter change enables achieving higher solubility than the monoammonium salt (34.8 mass %), making the compound suitable for industrial applications requiring high-concentration aqueous solutions.
3Quantity of substance
If disodium salt or dilithium salt is used, then high solubility can be achieved, but very high deliquescence occurs, making them unsuitable for industrial use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent compares different cation types (ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium) in dication salts to find the optimal balance between solubility and deliquescence. By selecting appropriate cations, the patent achieves high solubility while minimizing deliquescence, ensuring storage stability for industrial use.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent evaluates different cation combinations to identify the most suitable salt form that maintains stability during storage and handling, effectively selecting a 'disposable' formulation that performs well during its intended use period without requiring special storage conditions.
4Speed
If non-crystalline amorphous GSSG dication salt is used, then rapid dissolution can be achieved, but the storage stability is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes phase transition from amorphous to crystalline form during storage. The non-crystalline amorphous GSSG dication salt dissolves rapidly initially, then undergoes phase transition to crystalline form during storage, achieving both rapid dissolution and improved storage stability. This phase transition resolves the contradiction between fast dissolution and long-term stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting GSSG dication salts demonstrate enhanced solubility and storage stability, enabling the production of high-concentration aqueous solutions suitable for industrial applications in health foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Implementation Method 1
a crystal of oxidized glutathione (hereinafter referred to as GSSG) dication salt
Implementation Method 2
the crystal having peaks at diffraction angles 2θ(°) of 18.5±0.2°, 20.7±0.2°, 21.3±0.2°, 23.2±0.2° and 23.6±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction
Implementation Method 3
adding a crystal of GSSG dication salt as a seed crystal to the aqueous solution to precipitate the crystal of GSSG dication salt
Data Source
AI summary
The present application discloses a crystal of oxidized glutathione dication salt and a method of producing the same.