Decoupling GUI Models from Runtime Environments

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing graphical user interface (GUI) models are tightly coupled with runtime environments, making it difficult to evolve models without affecting the runtime environment and requiring designers to consider runtime environment dependencies during the design phase.

Innovation Solution

A declarative and executable representation for GUIs is provided, independent of any particular runtime platform, GUI framework, or programming language, using a generic, declarative, and executable GUI language (XGL) that generates abstract representations decoupled from runtime environments, allowing for device-independent and programming-language-independent GUI generation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If model representations are tightly coupled to runtime environments using specialized runtime tools, then transformation to executable form is achieved, but model evolution becomes difficult and runtime environment dependencies must be considered during design

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransformation accuracyVSAvoidmodel evolution capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary representation layer between the design-time model and the runtime environment. This intermediary serves as a mediator that enables transformation to multiple runtime forms without tight coupling, allowing model evolution while maintaining transformation accuracy through structured intermediate representations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The transformation process is segmented into distinct stages: design-time model creation, intermediary representation generation, and runtime environment-specific code generation. This segmentation allows independent evolution of models without affecting runtime dependencies, as each stage operates with defined interfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If designers consider runtime environment dependencies during the design phase, then correct transformation is ensured, but design flexibility and portability are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransformation correctnessVSAvoiddesign flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent separates design-time operations from runtime environment considerations by introducing an intermediary representation. Designers work with platform-independent models during design, and runtime-specific transformations are handled automatically by code generators, ensuring transformation correctness without reducing design flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The intermediary representation acts as a mediator that preserves transformation correctness while abstracting away runtime environment dependencies during design. This allows designers to create portable models that can be transformed to multiple runtime environments without considering specific platform details during the design phase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Adaptability or versatility

If specialized runtime tools are used for each target device, then device-specific GUI generation is achieved, but system complexity and maintenance difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice-specific GUI supportVSAvoidtransformation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a universal intermediary representation that can be transformed to multiple device-specific GUIs through a common code generation framework. This multi-functional approach allows a single design-time model to support various target devices without requiring separate specialized tools for each, reducing system complexity while maintaining device-specific customization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP1770510B1Executable and declarative specification for graphical user interfaces
Publication Date: 2018.01.24 SAP PORTALS ISRAEL
  • EP1770510B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1770510B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1770510B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Techniques for decoupling models created during design-time from the runtime environment. A declarative and executable representation for GUIs for applications is provided that is independent of any particular runtime platform, GUI framework, device, or programming language and which acts as an interface between the design environment and the runtime environment.