Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Using Dual-Mode Electrodes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) systems are limited in providing multi-channel, multi-axial perceived motion due to unwieldy electrode configurations and cause discomforting side effects such as skin sensations and visual disturbances, necessitating a more user-friendly and efficient method for stimulating motion in three axes.
Innovation Solution
The use of as few as two distinct pairs of electrodes strategically placed on the body, combined with visual stimuli, to administer electrical stimulation and minimize side effects through the use of dual-mode electrodes that can both provide and measure physiological signals, and the integration of real-time processing for immediate stimulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple electrodes are used to provide multi-channel, multi-axial perceived motion, then the stimulation capability is improved, but the device complexity and ease of operation deteriorate due to unwieldy electrode configurations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dual-mode electrodes that can function both as stimulation electrodes and as recording electrodes for physiological signals. This multi-functionality allows the same electrode to serve multiple purposes, reducing the total number of electrodes needed while maintaining multi-channel, multi-axial stimulation capability. The electrodes are strategically placed to enable both GVS delivery and physiological monitoring without requiring separate electrode sets.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the stimulation function and recording function into a single integrated electrode system. By merging these functions into dual-mode electrodes, the system eliminates the need for separate stimulation and recording electrode configurations, thereby simplifying the overall device complexity while preserving the ability to deliver multi-axial perceived motion stimulation.
2Power
If electrical current is applied through electrodes to stimulate perceived motion, then the motion stimulation effect is improved, but side effects such as skin sensations and visual disturbances increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the physiological responses (skin sensations, visual effects, perceived tastes) that occur during electrical stimulation not as unwanted side effects to be eliminated, but as useful feedback signals. These sensations are converted into beneficial information about the subject's vestibular and ocular motor function, transforming harmful factors into diagnostic benefits for detecting mild traumatic brain injuries.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates real-time monitoring of physiological signals including skin sensations, visual responses, and other sensory feedback during stimulation. This feedback is used to adjust stimulation parameters dynamically, optimizing the therapeutic effect while minimizing discomfort and side effects. The feedback loop allows the system to respond to the subject's real-time physiological state.
3Power
If electrodes are placed on the back of the head or neck for GVS, then the stimulation effectiveness is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to hair interference
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs asymmetric electrode placement strategies that avoid symmetric positions on the back of the head where hair interference is most problematic. By strategically positioning electrodes on the forehead, temples, and other accessible areas with less hair, the system maintains effective current pathways to the vestibular system while significantly improving ease of electrode placement and reducing preparation requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces conductive gels or adhesives as intermediary substances between the electrodes and the skin at electrode placement sites. These intermediaries improve electrical contact and current delivery effectiveness, allowing the system to achieve adequate stimulation even when electrodes are placed on areas with hair, thereby maintaining stimulation effectiveness while improving ease of operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for effective stimulation of perceived motion in three axes with reduced discomfort and side effects, enhancing user experience and enabling the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injuries by accurately measuring vestibular and ocular motor functions.
Implementation Method 1
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is the process of sending specific electric messages to a nerve in the ear that maintains balance
Implementation Method 2
Flashing lights or other visual effects may occur as a result of the electrical current passing through or near the optical nerve
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for stimulating perceived motion, and more particularly to stimulating perceived motion in three axes. The invention is further directed to stimulating such perceived motion when accompanied by visual stimuli. The invention is further directed to utilizing as few as two distinct pairs of electrodes to administer electrical stimulation to generate the perceived motion. The invention is further directed to systems, devices and methods to minimize side effects while utilizing electrical currents create the perceived motion.