Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract damulin A B content
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional Gynostemma pentaphyllum extracts are ineffective in significantly activating AMPK, which is crucial for treating metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia due to insufficient levels of damulin A and damulin B.
Innovation Solution
A novel Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract is prepared by treating the extract with high temperature and high pressure to increase the contents of damulin A and damulin B, using methods such as ethanol extraction, filtration, centrifugation, and ultra-high pressure processing, resulting in a concentrate (TG1022F) with enhanced AMPK activation capabilities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract is used, then the extract is easy to prepare, but the content of damulin A and damulin B is insufficient, resulting in poor AMPK activation effect
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by subjecting the Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract to high temperature (100-121°C) and high pressure (1-10 atm) treatment. This transforms the physical and chemical parameters of the extract, inducing structural changes in saponin compounds that increase damulin A and damulin B content from trace levels to 0.1-5% concentration ranges, thereby resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and active ingredient content.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes phase transitions during the high temperature-high pressure treatment process. The extract undergoes phase changes that facilitate structural transformation of saponin compounds, converting precursor saponins into damulin A and damulin B. This phase transition mechanism enables significant increases in active ingredient content while maintaining a relatively simple processing procedure.
2Quantity of substance
If high temperature and high pressure treatment is applied, then the content of damulin A and damulin B increases, but the energy consumption and processing complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by using moderate high temperature (100-121°C) and pressure (1-10 atm) conditions rather than extreme conditions. The treatment time is controlled at 1-24 hours, which is sufficient to achieve the desired transformation of saponin compounds into damulin A and damulin B without excessive energy input. This optimized parameter range resolves the contradiction between increasing active ingredient content and reducing energy consumption.
3Quantity of substance
If high temperature and high pressure treatment is applied, then the content of damulin A and damulin B increases, but the processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes parameter changes to optimize the balance between processing time and active ingredient content. By controlling temperature (100-121°C) and pressure (1-10 atm) within specific ranges, the transformation of saponin compounds into damulin A and damulin B is accelerated. The processing time of 1-24 hours is sufficient to achieve significant increases in damulin content while avoiding excessively long treatment periods, thereby resolving the time-content contradiction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The novel extract (TG1022F) demonstrates improved phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, leading to increased β-oxidation of fatty acids, reduced body fat synthesis, and enhanced glucose absorption, making it more effective in treating metabolic syndrome compared to conventional extracts.
Implementation Method 1
a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract is treated with high temperature and high pressure, thereby increasing contents of damulin A and damulin B
Implementation Method 2
using methods such as ethanol extraction, filtration, centrifugation, and ultra-high pressure processing
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is an AMPK activating material used for improving and treating metabolic syndrome, in which AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a main enzyme for regulating an energy sensor and lipid/glucose metabolism in the body. The activation of AMPK inhibits the synthesis of fat and cholesterol, and accelerates the reduction of body fat and blood glucose, thereby improving obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia. The disclosed AMPK activating material contains, as active ingredients having an improving and treating effect on metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia, a novel compound 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-E,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)-β-D-glucopyranoside], named Damulin A, and a novel compound 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammara-20,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)-β-D-glucopyranoside], named Damulin B. Herein, the contents of damulin A and damulin B (as active indicator ingredients for AMPK activation) can be increased by treating a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract with high temperature/high pressure. Accordingly, the novel Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract with a significantly increased AMPK activating capability can be used for improving or treating metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia.