H.264 Bitstream Error Recovery Using Embedded Backup Syntax Data
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Solution Overview
Problem
The H.264 video coding standard lacks mechanisms for detecting and correcting errors in bit-streams, leading to potential failure in decoding entire video frames due to errors in seq_parameter_set, pic_parameter_set, and macro block data.
Innovation Solution
The method involves inserting backup copies of critical data portions within the bit-stream, such as seq_parameter_set, pic_parameter_set, and macro block data, along with circular redundancy check (CRC) data and shift correction bytes, to enable error detection and correction through cross-examination.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the H.264 bit-stream format is used for video data transmission, then the data rate and compression efficiency are improved, but the reliability of transmission deteriorates because there is no error detection and correction mechanism
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by inserting backup copies of critical syntax elements (SPS, PPS, MB data) into the bit-stream before transmission. These backup copies are prepared in advance at specific positions within the bit-stream structure, enabling error recovery without requiring retransmission. The backup data is embedded alongside CRC check values so that the receiver can proactively detect and correct errors before they propagate through decoding.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements the copying principle by creating redundant backup copies of essential video data structures (seq_parameter_set, pic_parameter_set, macro block data) and inserting them into the bit-stream at designated positions. These copies serve as fallback data that can be used if the original data is corrupted during transmission. The system transmits multiple copies of the same critical information to ensure availability for error recovery.
2Reliability
If backup copies and CRC data are inserted into the bit-stream for error detection and correction, then the transmission reliability is improved, but the bit-stream size and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selectively inserting backup copies and CRC data only at specific critical positions within the bit-stream structure, rather than uniformly across all data. The backup copies are placed at defined positions relative to important syntax elements (SPS, PPS, MB data) where errors would have the most significant impact. This localized approach provides error protection where it is most needed while minimizing overall bit-stream expansion and processing complexity.
3Reliability
If backup copies are inserted at defined positions in the bit-stream, then error recovery capability is improved, but the decoding process complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback by using CRC (cyclic redundancy check) values associated with each backup copy to verify data integrity during decoding. The decoder checks the CRC values to determine whether the original or backup data should be used, creating a feedback mechanism that guides the error recovery process. This automated verification and selection process reduces the complexity of manual error handling while maintaining high recovery capability.
Data Source
AI summary
A method of processing video data includes providing a bit-stream; and decoding the bit-stream. The step of decoding the bit-stream includes extracting a data portion from the bit-stream; extracting a first backup copy of the data portion from the bit-stream; and determining correct values of syntaxes in the data portion from the data portion itself and the first backup copy of the data portion. A second backup copy of the data portion may be extracted from the bit-stream and cross-examined with the data portion and the first backup copy of the data portion.