H4V3O8 Cathode Material for Aqueous Lithium Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current aqueous lithium ion batteries are safer and more environmentally friendly than non-aqueous lithium ion batteries, but they lack materials that can reversibly accommodate both lithium ions and protons, limiting their energy storage capacity.
Innovation Solution
The development of H4V3O8 as an electroactive cathode material, obtainable from H2V3O8 through reduction with a proton source and a reducing agent, allowing for reversible lithium and proton intercalation, which is suitable for both rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If H2V3O8 is used as electrode material in aqueous lithium batteries, then safety and environmental friendliness are improved, but energy storage capacity is limited due to inability to reversibly accommodate both lithium ions and protons
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the oxidation state parameter of vanadium from +4 in H2V3O8 to a mixed 4+/5+ state in H4V3O8 through controlled oxidation. This parameter change enables the material to accommodate both lithium ions and protons reversibly, thereby increasing energy storage capacity while maintaining the safety advantages of aqueous systems
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electroactive material H4V3O8 that combines features of both vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) oxides. This composite structure with mixed oxidation states allows simultaneous intercalation of lithium ions and protons, resolving the contradiction between safety and energy storage capacity
2Quantity of substance
If non-aqueous lithium ion batteries are used, then energy density is improved due to higher voltage in organic electrolytes, but safety and environmental friendliness deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrolyte medium parameter from organic (non-aqueous) to aqueous, and simultaneously changes the electrode material oxidation state to mixed 4+/5+. This combination allows the aqueous battery to achieve energy density comparable to non-aqueous systems while maintaining superior safety and environmental properties
3Stability of the object's composition
If H2V3O8 is oxidized to all vanadium(V) oxohydroxide with alcaline metal cation substitution, then structural stability is improved, but the ability to reversibly accommodate lithium ions and protons is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent precisely controls the oxidation parameter to achieve a mixed 4+/5+ vanadium state rather than complete oxidation to +5. This intermediate oxidation state provides optimal balance between structural stability and the ability to reversibly accommodate both lithium ions and protons, unlike fully oxidized materials
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
H4V3O8 demonstrates efficient reversible intercalation of lithium ions and protons, enhancing energy storage capacity and stability in batteries, with the ability to form stable electrodes without the need for binders, making it suitable for both aqueous and non-aqueous lithium batteries.
Implementation Method 1
H4V3O8 demonstrates efficient reversible intercalation of lithium ions and protons
Implementation Method 2
obtainable from H2V3O8 through reduction with a proton source and a reducing agent
Data Source
AI summary
A new electroactive material of formula H4V3O8 obtainable from H2V3O8 is described as well as a method for its production, an electroactive cathode coating material comprising this electroactive material, a method for its production and cathodes as well as aqueous and non aqueous, rechargeable and non rechargeable batteries comprising such cathodes.