Half-Bridge Power Switch Driver with Mirrored Signal Interlock

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power switch driving technologies in half bridge configurations face limitations in reducing interlock delay, leading to increased switching losses and limited switching frequencies, which hinder the efficiency and performance of power conversion systems.

Innovation Solution

A driving circuit with near-zero interlock delay is achieved by generating drive signals that mirror each other along a mirroring voltage axis, allowing for rapid and stable switching transitions, thereby minimizing charge carrier formation and reverse recovery effects in power switches.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the dead time DT is increased to prevent cross conduction currents, then the reliability of the circuit is improved, but the interlock delay increases causing distortion of the transmitted signal and additional losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit reliabilityVSAvoidswitching losses
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the dead time duration based on the actual switching states and timing of the power switches. Instead of using a fixed conservative dead time, the circuit monitors the real-time switching events and adjusts the interlock delay parameter accordingly, allowing for minimal delay when switching conditions permit and extended delay when cross-conduction risk exists. This resolves the contradiction by making the reliability parameter adaptive rather than static.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If the interlock delay is reduced to minimize switching losses, then the switching efficiency is improved, but the risk of cross conduction currents increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching lossesVSAvoidcross conduction prevention
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms that continuously monitor the switching states, gate signals, and current flow conditions in the half-bridge circuit. This feedback information is used to dynamically adjust the interlock delay timing, ensuring that the delay is only extended when actual cross-conduction risk is detected. The feedback system allows the circuit to maintain minimal interlock delay under normal conditions while automatically increasing protection when needed, thus resolving the contradiction between efficiency and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If the switching frequency is increased to improve power conversion efficiency, then the productivity is improved, but the interlock delay becomes more significant causing signal distortion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower conversion efficiencyVSAvoidinterlock delay impact
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the interlock delay duration variable rather than fixed. The delay timing is dynamically adjusted based on the switching frequency, load conditions, and real-time switch state transitions. At higher switching frequencies, the system optimizes the delay to be as minimal as possible while maintaining safety, and automatically extends the delay when conditions require additional protection. This dynamic adaptation allows the circuit to maintain high productivity at elevated switching frequencies without suffering from fixed delay limitations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP2805418B1A method and apparatus for driving half bridge connected semiconductor power switches with a stable and extremely short interlock delay combined with a switching transition speed increase and a driving power consumption reduction
Publication Date: 2018.09.12 ZAJC FRANC
  • EP2805418B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2805418B1 patent drawingFigure 4
  • EP2805418B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A driving circuit for driving half bridge connected electrically controlled power switches with a near zero interlock delay time between on-states of the power switches, wherein the driving circuit is configured to receive an input signal and to generate: - a first drive signal being adapted to switch a first power switch between the on and off state, - a second drive signal being adapted to switch a second power switch between the on and off state, wherein the signal curve of the first drive signal generated in response to a rising and falling edge of said input signal is mirrored with respect to the signal curve of the second drive signal along a time axis of a mirroring voltage value within a transition time, wherein the mirroring voltage value is adjusted such to be within the cutoff region of the power switches.