Halogen-Free Cable Fire Resistance via Glass Fabric Tape

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing cables lack effective fire resistance and low-temperature resistance, particularly failing to meet standards for flame retardance and flexibility in cold conditions, as demonstrated by the cold impact test according to EN60811-1-4.

Innovation Solution

A single-core cable design featuring a copper conductor surrounded by halogen-free crosslinked polymer layers, metallic shielding, and high-temperature-resistant glass fabric tape, with an outer jacket composed of a halogen-free EVA-based polymer mixture, ensuring rotational symmetry and adherence to stringent fire and temperature resistance standards.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional cable structures are used, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but fire resistance and low-temperature flexibility are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefire resistanceVSAvoidcable structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cable employs multiple specialized layers including halogen-free crosslinked polymer insulation, glass fabric tape banding, and metallic shielding. Each layer is made from composite materials designed for specific functions: the glass fabric tape provides fire resistance and structural integrity, while the halogen-free polymer layers ensure low smoke emission and chemical resistance. This composite structure resolves the contradiction by achieving superior fire resistance through material composition rather than simple structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The cable is divided into distinct functional segments: conductor, inner conductive layer, insulating layer, second conductive layer, first banding, metallic shielding, second banding, and outer jacket. Each segment is independently optimized for its specific function. The segmentation allows fire resistance to be achieved through specific layers (glass fabric tape, halogen-free polymers) without requiring the entire cable structure to be complex, thus resolving the contradiction between reliability and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If conventional polymer insulation is used, then ease of manufacture is maintained, but resistance to low temperatures and flexibility in cold conditions deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelow-temperature flexibilityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The insulating layer uses crosslinked halogen-free polymers with specifically adjusted compositional parameters to achieve flexibility at -40°C. The crosslinking degree and polymer composition are optimized to maintain elasticity in cold conditions while resisting fuel and chemicals. This parameter optimization allows the cable to meet low-temperature flexibility requirements without significantly complicating the manufacturing process, as the materials are applied using standard extrusion and banding techniques.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If halogen-free polymers are used throughout, then fire safety is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefire safetyVSAvoidlayer thickness precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

Different layers of the cable have different quality characteristics optimized for their specific functions. The insulating layer uses halogen-free crosslinked polymers for fire safety and chemical resistance, while the outer jacket uses halogen-free EVA-based polymer mixture for flexibility and fire resistance. The glass fabric tape banding provides localized reinforcement for fire resistance and structural stability. This local optimization allows each layer to meet its specific requirements without requiring excessive precision across all layers, as each material is selected for its inherent suitability to its function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The cable achieves superior flame resistance, low flame propagation, and flexibility at -40°C, meeting EN standards for fire safety, fuel resistance, and cold impact tests, making it suitable for high-voltage applications and flexible routing in harsh environments.

Implementation Method 1

an insulating layer made of a crosslinked halogen-free Polymer layer based on EPR

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrosslinking:

Implementation Method 2

banding made of glass fabric tape, preferably made of halogen-free glass fabric tape made of silica glass with woven edges, heat-resistant up to 1,000 °C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal resistance:

Implementation Method 3

metallic shielding, for example made of a stranded copper wire or copper strands

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 4

an outer jacket made of a halogen-free polymer mixture based on EVA

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlame retardance:

Data Source

PatentEP2434500B1Cable line
Publication Date: 2013.02.13 NEXANS SA
  • EP2434500B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The line has an electrical conductor (1) with a halogen-free isolating layer (3) that includes a metallic shielding (6) and an outer sheath (9). The metallic shielding is rested on a first electrically conductive band (5) that is made up of fiber, and provided with second electrically conductive band (7) to be made up of fiber. A third electrically conductive band (8) is comprised of glass fiber and surrounded by the second band, where the metallic shielding includes a copper wire. The third electrically conductive band includes a halogen-free glass fiber tape made up of silica glass. The insulating layer and the electrical conductor are separated by an inner conductive layer (2) of a cross-linked halogen-free electrically conductive polymer shielding. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a cable line.