Halogen-Free Phosphorus Flame Retardant for Resins
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current flame retardants, particularly organohalogen compounds, generate harmful gases and toxic substances during combustion, and there is a lack of effective alternatives for non-charring resins, limiting their application in various synthetic resins.
Innovation Solution
A novel organic compound represented by the formula X—Y, where X is 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-yl-10-oxide and Y is a protecting group, which generates stable radicals during combustion, providing excellent flame retardancy and heat resistance without halogen atoms, suitable for a wide range of resins.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If organohalogen compounds are used as flame retardants, then excellent flame retardant effect is achieved, but harmful gases and toxic substances are generated during combustion
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the halogen atoms from the flame retardant molecule, removing the source of harmful gases and toxic substances while retaining the core phosphorus-containing structure responsible for flame retardancy. The compound of formula (1) contains no halogen atoms, thus preventing generation of dioxins, furans, and other toxic by-products during combustion.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the flame retardant by replacing halogen atoms with a protecting group Y, fundamentally altering the combustion products. This parameter change transforms the flame retardant from a halogen-containing compound that produces toxic gases to a halogen-free compound that generates benign combustion products.
2Reliability
If organophosphorus compounds are used as flame retardants, then carbonization promotion effect is achieved, but application is limited to resins that easily form char layers
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the mechanism parameter from pure carbonization promotion to radical generation. The compound of formula (1) generates stable radicals during combustion that can function across different resin types, not just those that easily form char layers. This parameter change in the flame retardant mechanism expands versatility to include non-charring resins like polyolefins.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a flame retardant with multi-functional capability: it can promote carbonization in charring resins while simultaneously generating stable radicals for flame inhibition in non-charring resins. This universal mechanism allows effective application across diverse resin types including polyethylene, polypropylene, and other conventional organophosphorus compound applications.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If halogen-free flame retardants are developed, then environmental safety is improved, but effective alternatives for non-charring resins are lacking
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces stable radicals as an intermediary mechanism for flame inhibition. These radicals act as mediators that intercept combustion radicals and chain reactions, providing effective flame retardancy without requiring halogen atoms. The stable radicals serve as the active species that replaces the harmful halogen radical mechanism while achieving the same flame inhibition function.
4Reliability
If stable radicals are generated during combustion, then flame extinguishing effect is achieved, but thermal stability must be maintained
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies preliminary protection by attaching a protecting group Y to the phosphorus-containing core structure before combustion occurs. This protecting group stabilizes the molecule at lower temperatures, preventing premature decomposition, while being designed to release and generate stable radicals at combustion temperatures. The protecting group thus performs preliminary stabilization that enables subsequent radical generation when needed.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The compound exhibits superior thermal stability and flame retardancy, effectively suppressing the generation of harmful gases and enhancing the chemical stability of resins, making it suitable for various electronic materials and resin compositions.
Implementation Method 1
the flame retardant mechanism of an organohalogen compound is considered to be a flame extinguishing effect caused by stable halogen radicals generated at the time of combustion
Implementation Method 2
organic peroxides having a high decomposition temperature, such as dicumyl peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide, as flame retardant aids
Data Source
AI summary
An organic compound is represented by the following formula (1).wherein X is 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-yl-10-oxide and Y is a protecting group.