Halogenated Polyol Polymers Fire Retardancy Synthesis
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Solution Overview
Problem
The development of halogen-functionalized addition and condensation polymers has been limited by the lack of effective synthetic methods to introduce halogen atoms or groups into polymer chains, restricting their properties and end-use applications.
Innovation Solution
Reacting halogenated reactants with active hydrogen-containing functional groups and co-reactants to form polymers that incorporate halogenated heteroalkyl or halogenated heteroalkenyl groups, allowing for the creation of polymers with improved properties such as fire retardancy, surface resistance, and chemical resistance through controlled halogenation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If halogen atoms are introduced into polymer chains to improve fire retardancy and chemical resistance, then the polymer properties are enhanced, but the synthetic methods become more complex and limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses segmented polyols with specific molecular weight ranges (e.g., 500-5000 Daltons) and controlled halogenation degrees (3-50% of hydroxyl groups converted), allowing incremental introduction of halogen functionality while maintaining polymer processability and avoiding excessive complexity in synthesis
Solution Approach 2:
The patent systematically varies parameters including halogenation degree (3-50%), polyol molecular weight (500-5000 Daltons), and halogen type (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) to optimize fire retardancy and chemical resistance while managing synthetic complexity through controlled parameter ranges
2Object-affected harmful factors
If halogenated reactants are used to improve chemical resistance and surface properties, then polymer performance is enhanced, but the manufacturing process becomes more difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs halogenation of polyols before polymerization, creating pre-halogenated reactants that can be stored and handled separately. This preliminary action simplifies the overall manufacturing process by decoupling the complex halogenation step from the polymerization step, allowing each to be optimized independently
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses halogenated polyols as intermediary compounds that bridge the gap between simple polyols and the desired halogenated polymer. These intermediaries contain controlled amounts of halogen functionality and can be readily polymerized with standard polyols to produce the final halogenated polymer product
3Reliability
If fluorinated materials are used to achieve desired properties, then performance is improved, but regulatory issues arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent provides a system to adjust the type and amount of halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) based on regulatory requirements. When fluorinated materials are restricted, the system allows substitution with other halogens or reduced fluorine content while maintaining surface resistance through optimized formulations
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite polymer systems combining halogenated polyols with non-halogenated polyols and standard polyisocyanates. This composite approach allows incorporation of halogen functionality for surface resistance while using non-fluorinated components to avoid regulatory issues with perfluorinated compounds
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting polymers exhibit enhanced properties like fire retardancy, surface resistance, and chemical resistance, enabling their use in various applications including coatings, textiles, and electronic components, while avoiding the regulatory issues associated with fluorinated materials.
Implementation Method 1
addition or condensation polymerization products of reactants comprising at least one halogenated reactant
Implementation Method 2
addition or condensation polymerization products of reactants comprising at least one halogenated reactant
Data Source
AI summary
Polymers containing halogen functionality are prepared by the addition or condensation polymerization of at least one halogenated reactant containing at least two active hydrogen-containing functional groups per molecule and at least one halogenated heteroalkyl or halogenated heteroalkenyl group per molecule and at least one co-reactant containing at least two functional groups reactive with the active hydrogen groups of the at least one halogenated reactant.