Handheld LIG Biosensor for Portable Serum Creatinine Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for serum creatinine detection are costly, bulky, and lack accuracy and portability, posing challenges for efficient point-of-care testing, especially in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Innovation Solution
A miniaturized handheld electrochemical biosensor system using laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes with a one-step fabrication process, integrated with a portable potentiostat and machine learning, enables rapid and accurate creatinine detection in serum samples with a microliter volume.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If benchtop chemistry analyzer is used for serum creatinine detection, then measurement precision is improved, but device size and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the benchtop chemistry analyzer into functional modules integrated onto a single flexible substrate. The electrode array, enzyme layers, and detection circuitry are segmented and positioned on different regions of the flexible substrate, enabling the entire system to be miniaturized while preserving the precision of the original benchtop instrument.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent embeds multiple functional components within a compact flexible substrate structure. The enzyme-coated electrodes are nested within the substrate matrix, with the flexible substrate itself serving as both the electrode carrier and the reaction medium, achieving space-efficient integration of detection functions.
2Measurement precision
If benchtop chemistry analyzer is used for serum creatinine detection, then measurement precision is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs disposable enzyme-coated electrode strips that can be easily manufactured and discarded after use. These disposable electrodes eliminate the need for expensive reusable components and complex cleaning procedures, significantly reducing the overall system cost while maintaining detection precision through optimized enzyme coating techniques.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical mixing and sample processing mechanisms with electrochemical detection methods. The flexible substrate-based electrochemical sensor directly detects creatinine through enzyme-mediated electrochemical reactions, eliminating the need for bulky mechanical analyzers and reducing both cost and device size.
3Volume of moving object
If dipstick tests are used for creatinine detection, then device size and cost are reduced, but measurement precision and accuracy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameters by using electrochemical signals instead of colorimetric readings. The flexible substrate electrodes measure creatinine concentration through electrochemical current changes, providing quantitative data with precision comparable to benchtop instruments while maintaining the portability and simplicity of point-of-care devices.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite enzyme-coated electrode structures that combine the simplicity of dipstick format with the precision of electrochemical sensing. The composite structure includes enzyme layers on flexible substrate electrodes, integrating the advantages of both simple format and accurate detection in a single device.
4Measurement precision
If traditional creatinine detection methods are used, then measurement precision is maintained, but portability and ease of operation deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the detection device dynamic and adaptable by using flexible substrates that can be bent, folded, or configured for different application settings. The flexible substrate electrodes can be easily positioned in various configurations, enabling the device to adapt to different operational environments while maintaining precise creatinine detection capabilities.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides rapid, accurate, and cost-effective creatinine detection, enhancing diagnostic capabilities and facilitating early intervention in CKD management with improved portability and user-friendly operation.
Implementation Method 1
A miniaturized handheld electrochemical biosensor system using laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes with a one-step fabrication process, integrated with a portable potentiostat and machine learning, enables rapid and accurate creatinine detection in serum samples
Implementation Method 2
at least three electrodes containing a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode fabricated using a one-step fabrication process involving CO2 Laser ablation on the polyimide sheet
Data Source
AI summary
The miniaturized handheld electrochemical biosensor system for detecting creatinine from serum samples. The system comprises a laser-induced graphene (LIG) device to collect and retain serum samples, said LIG device comprises: a flexible PI Sheet substrate; and at least three electrodes containing a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode fabricated using a one-step fabrication process involving CO2 Laser ablation on the polyimide sheet with optimized speed and power parameters; a portable potentiostat having a conducting tract to electrically connect the LIG device to the portable potentiostat to detect creatinine in serum samples within a range of 60 μM/L to 110 μM/L for males and 45 to 90 μM/L for females in serum samples using an indirect electrochemical method; and a graphical user interface coupled to a user computing device connected to the portable potentiostat to generate and display a graph upon receiving detected creatinine values from the portable potentiostat.