Hardware ML Control Channels for Real-Time Redundant Output
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Solution Overview
Problem
Critical systems, such as flight-critical systems in aircraft, face vulnerabilities due to common-mode failures and software-based controller vulnerabilities, including cyber threats and response delays from traditional signal processing techniques like finite impulse response filters.
Innovation Solution
A machine learning system is implemented using hardware-based machine learning models, featuring a first-level feature creation module and a combination module, which processes channel inputs to produce outputs without software reliance, providing redundancy and real-time control with no latency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If redundant independent controllers are used to provide failure mitigation, then system reliability is improved, but system cost scales by the number of independent controllers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple control functions into a single controller by implementing multiple independent control channels within one device. Each channel processes inputs independently through its own machine learning model and feature creation module, providing redundancy without requiring separate physical controllers. This merging approach maintains failure mitigation capabilities while avoiding the cost scaling issue of multiple independent controllers.
2Measurement precision
If traditional signal processing techniques like FIR filters are used to refine output, then output quality is improved, but response delay becomes intolerable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional signal processing techniques (mechanical/system-based filtering) with machine learning-based processing. The machine learning models process inputs and generate outputs without requiring temporal calculations or filtering operations that introduce delay. This substitution eliminates response delay while maintaining the ability to produce refined, high-quality outputs through the intelligent processing capabilities of the machine learning models.
3Adaptability or versatility
If software-based controllers are used to carry out control functions, then system adaptability is improved, but vulnerability to software threats and cyber attacks increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes software-based control functions with hardware-based machine learning models. The machine learning models are implemented in hardware circuitry rather than software, eliminating the vulnerability to software threats and cyber attacks. The adaptability is maintained through the machine learning models' ability to process various inputs and generate appropriate control outputs, while the hardware implementation provides inherent security against software-based exploits.
4Reliability
If multiple redundant channels are implemented in a single controller, then failure mitigation is improved, but intra-channel correlation can cause common-mode failures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the controller into multiple completely independent control channels, where each channel has its own separate machine learning model, feature creation module, and processing path. This segmentation ensures that failures in one channel do not propagate to other channels, eliminating common-mode failures caused by shared components or correlated processing. Each channel operates autonomously, providing true diversity in the redundancy implementation.
Data Source
AI summary
A machine learning system that includes one or more machine learning models implemented in one or more hardware processors, a first-level feature creation module, and a combination module provides an output based on one or more channel inputs. Each of the one or more machine learning models receives the channel inputs and additional feature inputs based on the channel inputs to produce the output. The first-level feature creation module receives the channel inputs, performs a feature creation operation, creates the additional feature inputs, and provides the additional feature inputs to at least one of the machine learning models. The first-level feature creation operation performs a calculation on one or more aspects of the channel inputs, and the combination module receives the one or more machine learning model outputs and produce a machine learning channel output.


