Human Body Communication Receiver Electrode Selection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current human body communication systems, such as those used in capsule type endoscopes, face challenges with signal transmission due to high power consumption, interference from external electromagnetic waves, and reduced receiving sensitivity, especially when using only two receiving electrodes, which leads to inaccurate signal reception and increased production costs.
Innovation Solution
A transmitter and receiver system that selects an optimal combination of receiving electrodes by using a transmission frame structure with control frames and data frames, including preambles and headers, to synchronize and differentiate frame types, and a switching mechanism to connect receiving electrodes based on preamble correlation values, enhancing signal processing and noise elimination.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If only two receiving electrodes are used in the human body communication system, then the device complexity is reduced, but the receiving sensitivity and signal accuracy deteriorate when current direction is vertical to the electrode arrangement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic selection of receiving electrode pairs based on the direction of current flow. The system continuously monitors current direction and dynamically switches between different electrode pairs to ensure optimal signal reception regardless of current orientation, thereby maintaining high receiving sensitivity without requiring all electrodes to be active simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
Each receiving electrode is designed to serve multiple functions by being part of different electrode pairs. The same electrode can form pairs with different transmitting electrodes depending on the current direction, making each electrode multi-functional and reducing the total number of electrodes needed while maintaining comprehensive coverage
2Ease of operation
If radio wave scheme is used for signal transmission in capsule type endoscope, then wireless communication is achieved, but power consumption increases and operating time shortens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the radio wave electromagnetic field system with a conductive medium (human body) based electrical signal transmission system. By using the human body as a communication channel, the system eliminates the need for high-power radio frequency transmitters and antennas, significantly reducing power consumption while maintaining wireless communication capability
Solution Approach 2:
The human body acts as an intermediary medium for signal transmission between the capsule endoscope and the external receiver. Instead of direct electromagnetic radiation through air, the body tissues serve as the transmission medium, enabling efficient signal transfer with minimal power consumption
3Ease of operation
If radio wave scheme is used for signal transmission, then wireless communication is enabled, but interference from external electromagnetic waves increases and receiving sensitivity degrades
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes the radio wave electromagnetic transmission system with a conductive electrical signal transmission system using the human body as the medium. This replacement inherently shields the communication from external electromagnetic interference since the body's conductive properties create a controlled transmission path isolated from external electromagnetic fields
Solution Approach 2:
The human body creates an electrically conductive environment that acts as an inert medium for signal transmission, protecting the communication signals from external electromagnetic interference. The body's natural conductivity provides a stable, interference-free transmission channel
4Ease of operation
If high frequency signals are used for wireless transmission, then data can be transmitted wirelessly, but production costs increase and harm to the human body occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the high-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission system with a low-frequency electrical signal transmission system using the human body as the conductive medium. This substitution eliminates the need for high-frequency oscillators and antennas, reducing production costs while avoiding the harmful effects of high-frequency radiation on human tissue
5Reliability
If voltage is induced through human body from transmitting electrodes to receiving electrodes, then data transmission is achieved, but voltage value reduces significantly and signal interference occurs due to electromagnetic noises
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates feedback mechanisms to monitor the induced voltage levels and signal quality at the receiving electrodes. Based on this feedback, the system can adjust transmission parameters, select optimal electrode pairs, and compensate for signal attenuation, thereby maintaining reliable data transmission despite voltage reduction and interference
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for more efficient and stable data transmission and reception by selecting the optimal receiving electrodes, improving signal accuracy and reducing interference, thereby extending operating time and reducing production costs while minimizing harm to the human body.
Implementation Method 1
current is generated by a potential difference between the transmitting electrodes formed on a surface of a capsule type endoscope injected into the human body and flows through the human body to induce voltage between two receiving electrodes mounted on the surface of the human body
Data Source
AI summary
A receiver in a human communication system includes: receiving electrodes including a transmission frame including control frames and data frames; first and second switches connected with the receiving electrodes; a switching control unit controlling a switching of the first and second switches to selectively connect the receiving electrodes with the first and second switches in response to each control frame according to a predetermined rule every time each of the control frames is input; a signal processing unit performing signal processing on the transmission frame output from the first and second switches; a preamble detection unit detecting the first preamble from each of the control frames included in the signal-processed transmission frame to generate preamble correlation values for the first preamble; and a correlation value processing unit controlling the switching control unit to select pairs of final receiving electrodes among the receiving electrodes based on the preamble correlation values.