Hard Disk Data Track Spacing to Reduce Interference

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Solution Overview

Problem

Increased magnetic disk recording density leads to adjacent track interference (ATI) and far track interference (FTI), causing data corruption and errors, which existing error correction codes cannot fully recover, especially when write head manufacturing tolerances and geometry affect the head-media interfaces, resulting in performance degradation during ATI/FTI-Refresh processes.

Innovation Solution

A system and method for storing data in hard disk drives that determine the percentage of user storage usage (SU %) of data tracks to strategically allocate data storage, storing user data to specific tracks in a radial array based on usage thresholds, such as every Nth track, every N/2 tracks, or between N/2 and Nth tracks, to minimize the effects of ATI and FTI by keeping data tracks far apart.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If data is stored on adjacent data tracks to increase storage density, then storage capacity is improved, but adjacent track interference causes data corruption and errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage capacityVSAvoiddata integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the storage space by implementing different data placement strategies for inner tracks and outer tracks. Inner tracks store data with larger spacing to prevent ATI, while outer tracks can utilize tighter spacing. This segmentation allows the system to achieve high storage capacity while maintaining data integrity by treating different track regions differently.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by using track-specific data placement rules based on the physical characteristics of different track locations. Inner tracks (more susceptible to ATI) use one spacing strategy, while outer tracks use another. This localized approach optimizes both storage capacity and reliability for each specific track region rather than applying a uniform strategy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Productivity

If data is stored on every data track to maximize storage usage, then storage efficiency is improved, but far track interference causes data corruption

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage efficiencyVSAvoiddata integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the radial storage space into inner and outer regions with different data placement densities. Inner tracks use sparser data placement to prevent FTI, while outer tracks can accommodate higher density. This segmentation enables the system to achieve high overall storage efficiency while maintaining data integrity by applying appropriate spacing strategies to different radial zones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent solves the FTI problem by transitioning from a uniform linear spacing approach to a two-dimensional radial zoning strategy. By considering the radial dimension and applying different spacing rules at different radii from the disk center, the system can maximize storage efficiency across the entire disk surface while preventing FTI in vulnerable inner regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Reliability

If ATI/FTI-Refresh is performed to correct data errors, then data reliability is improved, but HDD performance is degraded due to command processing interruption

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata recovery capabilityVSAvoidHDD performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by proactively preventing ATI and FTI through intelligent data placement strategies from the beginning. By spacing inner track data appropriately and organizing data across tracks to minimize interference patterns, the system prevents errors before they occur, eliminating the need for corrective Refresh operations and maintaining high performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the potentially harmful magnetic field interactions into a beneficial pattern by deliberately designing the data placement strategy to exploit the geometry of head movement and track spacing. By placing data on inner and outer tracks with specific spacing patterns, the system causes magnetic fields from adjacent tracks to cancel each other out, transforming what would be interference into a protective effect that prevents errors without requiring Refresh operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces the occurrence of ATI and FTI, leading to more reliable and consistent data storage by minimizing the chances of interference, thereby extending the data recovery capabilities and maintaining HDD performance.

Implementation Method 1

a phenomenon in which magnetic flux that has leaked from the recording head (e.g., a fringe field) affects the data that has been recorded on adjacent data tracks and far tracks

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic flux leakage: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

When the Risk-Counter of a data track exceeds a Risk-Threshold, the ATI/FTI-Refresh is performed on that data track

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic flux detection: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentUS8879180B2System, method and apparatus for data track usage sequence to reduce adjacent track interference effect
Publication Date: 2014.11.04 WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
  • US8879180B2 patent drawing
  • US8879180B2 patent drawing
  • US8879180B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Storing data in a hard disk drive may include determining a percentage of storage usage (SU %) of the data tracks. If the SU % is less than a first threshold percentage (TP1), the method may include storing data to Nth data tracks. If the SU % is greater than or equal to TP1, but less than a second threshold percentage (TP2), the method may include storing data to about N/2 data tracks between said Nth data tracks. If the SU % is greater than or equal to TP2, the method may include storing data to data tracks between said N/2 data tracks and said Nth data tracks.