Cardiac Signal Sleep Apnea Detection Using Heart Rate Cycles

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing sleep apnea detection algorithms based on cardiac signals have a significant false positive error rate, leading to inadequate treatment of the condition.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that utilize cardiac signal analysis to determine short-term and long-term heart rate averages, peak-to-valley time intervals, and specific conditions to accurately detect sleep apnea episodes by monitoring heart rate cycles and variations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If existing sleep apnea detection algorithms based on cardiac signals are used, then sleep apnea episodes can be detected, but the false positive error rate is significant

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidfalse positive rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the heart rate data into multiple time windows (short-term and long-term averaging windows) to analyze different temporal patterns. By dividing the analysis into distinct time segments with different averaging periods, the algorithm can distinguish between transient heart rate variations and sustained patterns indicative of sleep apnea, thereby reducing false positives while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Measurement precision

If short-term and long-term heart rate averages are calculated with multiple time windows, then detection accuracy is improved, but computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidalgorithm complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential features needed for sleep apnea detection from the cardiac signal - specifically focusing on heart rate variations and their temporal patterns. By extracting and analyzing only the relevant short-term and long-term average heart rate differences, the algorithm achieves high detection accuracy without requiring complex analysis of the entire cardiac signal, thus managing computational complexity effectively.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentEP4258978B1Detection and monitoring of sleep apnea conditions
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 MEDTRONIC INC
  • EP4258978B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4258978B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4258978B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method of detecting sleep apnea includes generating a cardiac signal indicating activity of a heart of a patient. The method further includes determining a short-term average heart rate and a long-term average heart rate. The method further includes determining a start and end of a heart rate cycle based on the short-term average heart rate and the long-term average heart rate. The method further includes determining physiological parameter values occurring during the heart rate cycle. The method further includes determining whether patient has or has not experienced a sleep apnea event based on whether one or more conditions are satisfied by one or more parameter values for one or more heart rate cycles and responsively generating an indication that patient has or has not experienced a sleep apnea event.