Heartbeat Detection Circuit Using Signal Inversion and Comparison
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing heartbeat detection methods face challenges in accurately detecting R waves, especially during motion, due to high disturbance levels from electrode movement, requiring substantial amplification and digital processing to filter out noise.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method involving multiple amplifiers and comparators to form and compare amplified signals, with a base voltage inversion, effectively detecting R waves by indicating overlap between signals, and confirming with S wave detection to improve accuracy amidst disturbances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If substantial amplification and digital processing are applied to filter out noise, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the signal processing into distinct functional stages: first amplification stage, second amplification stage with inversion, and comparison stage. Each stage handles a specific aspect of noise filtering and signal enhancement, allowing the system to achieve high measurement precision through modular processing rather than a single complex system
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediate inverted signal as a mediator between the original signal and the final detection output. By inverting the second amplified signal and comparing it with the first amplified signal, the system creates a differential detection mechanism that effectively filters noise while maintaining circuit simplicity
2Measurement precision
If analogue electronics are applied to process the analogue signal for removing disturbance, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies inversion to the second amplified signal, creating an inverted version that is then compared with the original amplified signal. This inversion technique effectively cancels out common-mode noise and disturbances while preserving the desired signal characteristics, achieving high signal quality through a simple circuit operation rather than complex analogue processing
3Reliability
If multiple amplifiers and comparators are used to detect R waves, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the inverted second amplified signal is continuously compared with the first amplified signal to detect R waves. This differential comparison provides inherent feedback that confirms detection accuracy and allows for S wave detection to verify R wave identification, thereby improving reliability through a systematic verification process rather than adding excessive complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances reliable R wave detection in noisy conditions, particularly during physical activity, with improved accuracy and reduced circuit complexity, suitable for portable devices.
Implementation Method 1
forming a first amplified signal and a second amplified signal on the basis of an input signal representative of heartbeat
Implementation Method 2
forming a third signal by inverting the second signal and adding a base voltage
Implementation Method 3
indicating an overlap of the first signal and the third signal for detecting R wave
Data Source
AI summary
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for heartbeat detection, comprising: means for forming a first amplified signal and a second amplified signal on the basis of an input signal representative of heartbeat, means for forming a third signal by inverting the second signal and adding a base voltage, and means for indicating an overlap of the first signal and the third signal.