Heat Exchanger Flow Management Assembly for Lower Pressure Drop

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional counter-flow heat exchangers face limitations in heat transfer performance, pressure loss, size, and weight due to traditional plate fin constructions, which hinder high-temperature applications and system integration, and struggle with efficient fluid flow transitions that impact overall performance.

Innovation Solution

A fluid flow management assembly that reduces pressure drop by using layered slot structures with larger cross-sectional areas transitioning from a main inlet to the core section, merging back into pipes, and incorporating vanes to manipulate fluid flow, allowing for a more compact and efficient heat exchanger design.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If traditional plate fin construction is used, then heat transfer performance can be achieved, but pressure loss increases and size and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure lossVSAvoidheat transfer performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger is divided into multiple channels arranged in parallel, with each channel containing a fluid management assembly. This segmentation allows independent optimization of flow paths, reducing overall pressure loss while maintaining heat transfer effectiveness through distributed thermal exchange surfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a multi-dimensional fluid management structure with layered slots and three-dimensional channel arrangements. The fluid flow transitions from two-dimensional plate fin surfaces to three-dimensional channel flow, enabling improved heat transfer performance with reduced pressure drop through optimized flow distribution in multiple spatial dimensions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of operation

If conventional headering techniques are used for fluid transition, then pipe flow to layered arrangement transition is achieved, but overall performance significantly impacts negatively

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid flow transitionVSAvoidoverall performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The fluid management assembly incorporates preliminary flow distribution features at the inlet, including distributed slot openings and flow straightening elements positioned before the main heat transfer channels. This preliminary action ensures uniform flow distribution across all channels from the start, preventing performance degradation from poor flow transition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary fluid management structure consisting of layered slots and transition channels that mediate between the inlet pipe flow and the heat transfer channels. This intermediary structure smoothly transitions the flow from pipe configuration to layered channel arrangement, maintaining overall performance while enabling operational flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If pipe flow transitions to layered arrangement, then fluid distribution is achieved, but pressure drop increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid distributionVSAvoidpressure drop
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The fluid management assembly employs dynamic flow distribution features including adjustable slot configurations and flow direction control elements. These dynamic features adapt the flow pattern to minimize pressure drop while achieving uniform distribution across the layered channels, allowing optimization of both fluid distribution and pressure characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Productivity

If traditional heat exchanger design is used, then basic heat transfer is achieved, but size and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer performanceVSAvoidheat exchanger weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes thin-walled channel structures and film-like thermal exchange surfaces within the fluid management assembly. These thin-film structures provide adequate heat transfer performance while significantly reducing the overall weight of the heat exchanger compared to traditional robust plate fin constructions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces pressure drop, minimizes size and weight, enhances structural reliability, and improves heat transfer performance by maintaining constant flow area and reducing stress through symmetric flow distribution and thermal capacitance management.

Implementation Method 1

A fluid flow management assembly that reduces pressure drop by using layered slot structures with larger cross-sectional areas transitioning from a main inlet to the core section

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure drop reduction through layered slot structures: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

improves heat transfer performance by maintaining constant flow area and reducing stress through symmetric flow distribution and thermal capacitance management

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal capacitance management: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 3

Heat exchangers are central to the functionality of numerous systems in engines and environmental controls systems

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3623739B1Fluid flow management assembly for heat exchanger
Publication Date: 2021.06.02 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3623739B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3623739B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3623739B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A heat exchanger includes a core section (18) defining a plurality of first fluid channels and a plurality of second fluid channels. The heat exchanger also includes a header section (16) defining a plurality of first fluid layers (30) and a plurality of second fluid layers (32). The heat exchanger further includes a transition region (36) located between the header section and the core section, the transition region fluidly coupling the plurality of first fluid layers to the first fluid channels, each of the first fluid layers routing a first fluid to a respective group of first fluid channels.