Heat Exchanger Sealing Layer for Tube-Fin Contact Faults

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Solution Overview

Problem

Mechanical type heat exchangers experience contact faults between tubes and fins due to springback effects and material thinning, leading to air passages that reduce heat exchanger performance, with existing solutions being complex and expensive.

Innovation Solution

Applying a thin layer of sealing material with a melting temperature below 300°C on the tubes or fins, which is activated by heating to fill contact defects between the tubes and fins, eliminating air passages without altering the manufacturing process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Weight of moving object

If tubes are made thinner to reduce weight and save material, then weight is reduced, but contact faults and interstices between tubes and fins increase due to springback effects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveweight of heat exchangerVSAvoidcontact quality between tubes and fins
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A sealing material layer is introduced as an intermediary substance between the tube and fin. This sealing layer compensates for contact faults and interstices that occur during crimping, especially when tubes are thin-walled and prone to springback. The sealing material fills gaps and ensures reliable thermal contact without requiring thicker tubes or more complex crimping processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The sealing material undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid when heated above its melting point (below 300°C). This parameter change allows the sealing material to flow into interstices and contact faults, then solidify to create a reliable seal. The low melting point enables this transformation using simple heating methods without affecting the aluminum alloy tube and fin structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If sealing material layer is applied and heated to fill interstices, then heat exchanger performance is improved, but manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchanger performanceVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing material is designed with a low melting point (below 300°C) that allows it to be activated by simple heating methods such as hot air or induction heating. This parameter choice enables the sealing process to be integrated into existing manufacturing lines without requiring complex high-temperature furnaces or specialized equipment, thus maintaining manufacturing simplicity while achieving improved sealing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The sealing process replaces complex mechanical alignment and tight-tolerance crimping operations with a thermal process. Instead of relying solely on precise mechanical positioning and high-force crimping to eliminate all gaps, the sealing material is applied and then heated to melt and fill remaining interstices. This substitution of mechanical precision requirements with a thermal sealing process simplifies the overall manufacturing system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If high heating temperature is used to melt sealing material, then sealing effectiveness is improved, but mechanical integrity of aluminum alloy tube and fin is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing effectivenessVSAvoidmechanical integrity of tube and fin
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing material is specifically selected with a melting point below 300°C, which is significantly lower than the melting point of aluminum alloy (above 600°C). This parameter differentiation allows the sealing material to melt and flow for effective sealing while the aluminum alloy tube and fin remain solid and maintain their mechanical integrity. The large temperature gap between the sealing material transition and the structural material transition enables independent control of sealing and structural properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively seals contact faults, improving heat exchanger performance by up to 15% in high fluid flow scenarios without increasing manufacturing complexity or cost, and does not compromise the mechanical integrity of the heat exchanger.

Implementation Method 1

the sealing material is heated so as to cause it to melt and to seal any fault in contact between the tube and each collar

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

during the radial expansion of the tubes, the latter, by deforming, tend to widen the necks delimiting the passage holes of the tubes in the fins

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDeformation: Deformation

Implementation Method 3

the radial expansion of the tubes is followed by a slight elastic return of the tubes in the opposite direction to the expansion. This springback effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic recovery: Elastic Recovery

Data Source

PatentEP3247965B1Improved heat exchanger with tubes and fins and method for producing such a heat exchanger
Publication Date: 2019.05.01 VALEO SYST THERMIQUES SAS
  • EP3247965B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3247965B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube (12) and at least one fin (14), the tube (12) being connected to the fin (14) by crimping said tube in a collar (16) made in the fin (14). The tube (12) or the fin (14) is coated with a layer of a material (22) different from those of the tube and the fin. Said layer forms a reserve of material (22) for sealing a potential gap between the tube (12) and the collar (16). Said sealing material (22) can be activated by melting.