Heating Device Countercurrent Gas Injection for Emission Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing heating devices, particularly those burning biomass, face challenges in reducing emissions, especially fine dust particles, despite optimized combustion control and filtration methods.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the countercurrent supply of a gaseous medium within the flame tube, preheated and derived from fresh air, enhances the residence time and turbulence of combustion gases, promoting complete oxidation and reducing emissions by preventing the formation of fine dust and nitrogen oxides.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If filter devices are used to filter combustion residues from flue gas, then emissions are reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveemissionsVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the harmful effect of filtering by eliminating the filter device entirely. Instead of removing combustion residues through filtration, the system prevents their formation by injecting a gaseous medium (steam or inert gas) into the flame tube, which disrupts the combustion process to avoid fine dust and pollutant formation in the first place

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the physical-chemical parameters of the combustion process by introducing a gaseous medium into the flame tube. This alters the temperature, concentration, and flow dynamics of the combustion gases, transforming the combustion conditions to prevent harmful emissions without requiring additional filtering equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-generated harmful factors

If the gaseous medium is supplied at high flow rates to maximize emission reduction, then emissions decrease, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveemissionsVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention applies partial action by injecting the gaseous medium at optimized flow rates that are sufficient to achieve emission reduction goals without excessive energy consumption. The system uses just enough steam or inert gas to disrupt combustion and prevent fine dust formation, rather than using excessively high flow rates that would waste energy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention optimizes the flow rate parameter of the gaseous medium to achieve the minimum necessary intervention for emission reduction. By carefully controlling the injection rate, the system achieves effective emission control while minimizing the energy required to generate and inject the gaseous medium

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves a significant reduction in emissions, including fine dust particles, below conventional measurement limits, by increasing the residence time and turbulence of combustion gases under high temperatures, effectively preventing the persistent formation of pollutants.

Implementation Method 1

improved contact between the chemical reactants due to the turbulence

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTurbulence: Turbulence

Implementation Method 2

combustion gases formed in the combustion chamber being fed to a flame tube via an inflow area facing the combustion chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

the gaseous medium is preheated by the flow of flue and combustion gases occurring in the flame tube

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 4

the subsequent gas-phase oxidation begins in the combustion chamber and continues in the flame tube, with complex chemical reactions taking place during which the combustion gases are oxidized and converted into carbon dioxide and water

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 5

flue gases formed from the combustion gases are fed via an outflow area of the flame tube to a subsequent flue gas discharge line, via which the emission-causing flue gases are discharged, according to the preamble of claim 1

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForced convection: Forced Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3798513B1Heating device
Publication Date: 2022.06.01 OKOFEN FORSCHUNGS UND ENTWICKLUNGS M B H
  • EP3798513B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for reducing emissions from heating equipment and a corresponding boiler in which solid fuel, in particular biomass, is combusted in a combustion chamber (1) with the supply of fresh air (F), wherein combustion gases (V) formed in the combustion chamber (1) are fed to a flame tube (3) via an inlet area (3a) facing the combustion chamber (1), and flue gases (R) formed from the combustion gases (V) are fed to a subsequent flue gas outlet (4) via an outlet area (3b) of the flame tube (3), through which the emission-causing flue gases (R) are discharged. It is proposed that a gaseous medium (G) be supplied to the flue gas stream (R) and combustion gas stream (V) forming in the flame tube (3) against the direction of flow of this flue gas stream (R, V).