Helical Auger PUF for Printer Supply Authentication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Counterfeit printer supplies, such as toner cartridges, are difficult to deter due to their ability to perform poorly and potentially damage printers, and existing authentication systems are not adequately secure against replication.

Innovation Solution

A helical physical unclonable function (PUF) is created by integrating a helical auger with magnetized particles generating a varying magnetic field, which is measured and used to generate a digital signature stored in a non-volatile memory device, making it difficult to replicate the PUF and thus authenticate the supply item.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If existing authentication systems are used in printer supplies, then the supplies can be identified and tracked, but they are not adequately secure against replication and counterfeiting

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication securityVSAvoidauthentication system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The authentication system is segmented into two distinct components: a passive helical PUF element embedded in the supply item and an active reader device. This segmentation allows the PUF to be simple and inexpensive to manufacture while the complex measurement and verification functions are concentrated in the reader, resolving the contradiction between security and complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The helical PUF is pre-manufactured with random magnetic variations during the normal manufacturing process, creating a unique physical fingerprint before the authentication system is activated. This preliminary creation of the PUF eliminates the need for complex post-manufacturing authentication setup while ensuring security from the outset.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If a PUF is made more difficult to replicate to deter counterfeiters, then authentication security improves, but manufacturing complexity and cost may increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecounterfeit resistanceVSAvoidPUF manufacturing ease
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The helical PUF leverages natural variations in the manufacturing process itself to create its unique identifying characteristics. The random magnetic field variations arise automatically during production without requiring additional security-specific manufacturing steps, making the PUF both secure and easy to manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The PUF utilizes inherent parameter variations in magnetic particle alignment and distribution that occur naturally during manufacturing. By measuring these naturally occurring variations rather than attempting to control or create them, the system achieves high counterfeit resistance while maintaining manufacturing simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively enhances the security of printer supplies by making it challenging to counterfeit, as duplicating the helical PUF and its accompanying digital signature is difficult, thereby protecting the toner cartridges from counterfeiting.

Implementation Method 1

obtaining a helical auger having a spiral flight having magnetized particles generating a magnetic field above the flight having a varying intensity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field generation: Magnetism

Implementation Method 2

creating an array of measurements by measuring the intensity of the magnetic field along a section of the spiral flight

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field measurement: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentEP3538368B1Supply item for an image forming device and method of manufacturing of a supply item comprising a helical physical unclonable function
Publication Date: 2021.03.10 LEXMARK INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP3538368B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3538368B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP3538368B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Methods for manufacturing a supply item for an imaging device having a helical physical unclonable function are disclosed. The helical physical unclonable function may be used to authenticate a supply item for an imaging device. Measurements of the magnetic field above a helical flight are stored in a non-volatile memory to be used by an imaging device to authenticate the supply item. Other systems and methods are disclosed.