Helical Casting with Dissolvable Core for Thin-Wall Precision

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current die-casting technologies face challenges in producing high-quality helical castings with complex geometries and thin walls due to high casting temperatures and pressures, leading to surface roughness, burrs, and tool wear, especially with aluminum alloys, which result in inefficient tooling and poor heat dissipation in electrical coils.

Innovation Solution

A casting device using a dissolvable lost core that defines the outer contour of the helical casting, allowing for precise shaping and reduced contact area with the mold, minimizing adhesion and burr formation, and enabling easy rework and repeated use of the mold, with a simple geometric mold design for efficient cleaning and reusability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional die-casting with steel molds is used at high temperatures (>730°C for rotor aluminum), then helical castings can be produced, but thermal stress and thermal cycling cause cracks in the mold surface leading to surface roughness and burrs on castings

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface quality of castingVSAvoidmold durability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The mold system is segmented into a permanent outer mold and a disposable inner mold (sacrificial core). The inner mold is replaced after each casting cycle, isolating the permanent mold from direct contact with molten metal and thermal stress, thereby preventing cracks and surface degradation while maintaining high casting quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A disposable sacrificial core made of inexpensive material (e.g., plaster, salt, or ceramic) is used as the inner mold. This core is destroyed during casting to form the hollow helical structure, eliminating the need for a durable inner mold and protecting the permanent outer mold from thermal damage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Manufacturing precision

If high post-compaction pressure (>1200 bar) is applied during die-casting, then dense castings are achieved, but the strong affinity of rotor aluminum to iron causes bonding to the tool surface, complicating demolding and leading to tool damage or wear

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedensity of castingVSAvoiddemolding difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The sacrificial core is designed to be destroyed during the casting process, eliminating the need for demolding. The core material (plaster, salt, or ceramic) breaks down under the high pressure and temperature, allowing easy removal of the casting without tool damage or aluminum bonding

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The chemical and physical parameters of the core material are selected to change under casting conditions. The core material undergoes decomposition or phase change at casting temperature and pressure, transforming from a solid structure to a removable residue, facilitating easy casting extraction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If complex coil bodies with many turns are die-cast, then high power density electrical windings are created, but the long flow lengths (>150 mm) and thin wall thicknesses require extremely precise dimensional accuracy that is difficult to achieve with conventional molds

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower density of electrical windingVSAvoiddimensional accuracy of thin-walled casting
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The mold system is divided into a permanent outer mold that provides structural support and a disposable inner mold (sacrificial core) that defines the precise geometry. The inner mold can be manufactured with high precision using specialized processes, while the outer mold maintains dimensional stability under pressure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The material parameters of the sacrificial core are optimized for precision manufacturing. The core material allows for controlled shrinkage and deformation during casting, enabling the production of complex thin-walled structures with consistent dimensional accuracy that would be impossible with traditional steel molds

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Manufacturing precision

If the mold surface is regularly cleaned or reworked to remove burrs, then casting quality is maintained, but complicated tool shapes with slides and cores become inefficient and require extensive rework

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface quality of castingVSAvoidtool maintenance efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The sacrificial core is designed for single-use and destruction during casting, eliminating the need for complex mold surfaces and slides. The permanent outer mold has a simple geometry that requires minimal maintenance, while the disposable core handles the complex geometry formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of maintaining a complex permanent mold through regular cleaning and rework, the invention inverts the approach by using a disposable core that defines the complex geometry. The permanent mold becomes simple and easy to maintain, while the complex shape is formed by the sacrificial core that is destroyed after each use

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves high surface quality, reduced tool wear, and efficient production of complex helical castings with low surface roughness, enabling the mass production of high-quality coils and springs with improved thermal conductivity and mechanical stability.

Implementation Method 1

The core can be made of a soluble material, in particular the core material, or of steel, or of a combination of both

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDissolution: Solvation

Implementation Method 2

a melt of copper or a copper alloy is introduced into the casting mold under excess pressure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure-driven flow: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 3

The core can be expanded or contracted by temperature change in such a way that it is precisely adapted to the size of the casting mold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 4

the core consists of at least one part made of a ceramic material produced by partial sintering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP3737515B1Casting device and method for using same
Publication Date: 2024.11.06 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3737515B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3737515B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3737515B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The invention relates to a casting device having a casting mold (8, 16, 16') and a core (6, 9, 20, 20') for producing a helical casting (1), wherein the core is an expendable core that can be dissolved after the casting process. Advantageous effects of the invention can be achieved by virtue of the fact that the female mold for accommodating the helical casting (1) during the casting process is formed completely within the outer contour of the core, the female mold being delimited by the core and, at the peripheral boundary surfaces of the female mold, by the casting mold.