Helical Multi-Edge Machining Tool for Low-Mark Wood Cutting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing machining tools for wood and wood-like materials result in significant machining marks due to the arrangement of cutting edges, which leads to gaps and overlapping traces on the workpiece, limiting the number of teeth and increasing vibration and noise during operation.
Innovation Solution
A machining tool design where the cutting edges of multiple cutting bodies overlap completely perpendicular to the direction of rotation, forming an overall cutting edge with a helical arrangement, minimizing gaps and allowing for a higher number of teeth without sequential cutting lines, and optimizing the angular spacing of reference points to reduce vibrations and noise.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If cutting edges are arranged with angular distance to allow independent erosion/grinding, then manufacturing precision is improved, but the number of teeth is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from traditional angular spacing alone to a two-dimensional arrangement combining angular spacing with axial offset. Cutting edges are distributed both angularly around the rotation axis and axially along the tool length, creating a helical or staggered pattern that provides independent access for erosion and grinding while maintaining continuous cutting coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
Multiple cutting edges are nested along the axial direction of the tool, with each cutting edge positioned at a different axial location and angular position. This nesting allows cutting edges to be arranged in layers, enabling independent maintenance access while maximizing the number of active cutting edges on the tool.
2Manufacturing precision
If cutting edges overlap to form continuous cutting line, then manufacturing precision is improved, but machining marks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The continuous cutting line is segmented into multiple discrete cutting edges distributed in both angular and axial directions. Instead of having overlapping cutting edges form a continuous line in the traditional sense, the cutting action is divided into multiple discrete points that collectively provide continuous coverage, reducing the visibility of individual cutting marks.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the tool have cutting edges with different angular and axial positions optimized for their specific locations. Cutting edges are strategically positioned to create overlapping cutting paths that blend marks, with local variations in spacing and orientation to minimize visible machining marks in different areas of the workpiece.
3Productivity
If multiple cutting lines are arranged sequentially in direction of rotation, then number of teeth increases, but vibrations and noise increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adds the axial dimension to the traditional angular arrangement of cutting edges. Instead of arranging multiple cutting lines sequentially only in the angular direction, cutting edges are distributed along the axial length of the tool as well, creating a three-dimensional arrangement that spreads the cutting action over time and space, reducing vibration and noise.
Solution Approach 2:
Cutting edges are arranged in periodic patterns both angularly and axially, creating a regular but complex cutting rhythm. This periodic arrangement with multiple frequencies helps distribute vibration energy across different frequencies, reducing the amplitude of any single vibration mode and thereby lowering noise levels.
Data Source
Figure 1a
Figure 1b
Figure 2a
AI summary
The invention relates to a machining tool for the machining of materials, which is provided for rotary drive about a rotary axis (50), wherein the machining tool (1) has a base body (2) with a cutting edge support surface through which the rotary axis (50) passes. Cutting elements (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103, 113, 123, 133, 203, 213, 223, 303, 313, 323, 353) with one cutting edge (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) are arranged on the cutting carrier surface, the (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) rotate in a direction of rotation (49) around the axis of rotation (50) during machining.The cutting edges (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) of a group comprising several cutting bodies (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103, 113, 123, 133, 203, 213, 223, 303, 313, 323, 353) overlap completely with respect to the direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation (49) and thus form a total cutting edge. A cutting edge (3, 103, 203, 303) of the multiple cutting bodies (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103, 113, 123, 133, 203, 213, 223, 303, 313, 323, 353) of the group is a starting cutting edge of the total cutting edge and a cutting edge (53, 353) of the multiple cutting bodies (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103, 113, 123, 133, 203, 213, 223, 303, 313, 323, 353) The group is a final cutting edge of the overall cutting edge. With respect to the direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation (49), an intermediate region of the overall cutting edge lies completely between the initial cutting edge and the final cutting edge.All cutting edges (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) of the machining tool (1) are arranged between endpoints (7, 8) of the overall cutting edge, with one endpoint (7) being the initial cutting edge and the other endpoint (8) being the final cutting edge. An imaginary helical line (6) extends from the initial cutting edge to the final cutting edge. The helical line (6) has a central axis that corresponds to the axis of rotation (50). The helical line (6) rotates at least partially around the central axis. The helical line (6) has a slope. The slope corresponds to the quotient of the progression of the helix line (6) in the direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation (49) and the progression of the helix line (6) with respect to an angle of rotation about the axis of rotation (50). The slope of the helix line (6) is, in particular, constant.All cutting edges (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) of the cutting bodies (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103, 113, 123, 133, 203, 213, 223, 303, 313, 323, 353) of the group are at least partially arranged on the helix line (6). The group has a minimum number of teeth, which is defined by the number of cutting edges of the cutting bodies of the group that are at least consecutive in the intermediate area of the total cutting edge in the direction of rotation (49) of the machining tool (1). The cutting edges (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114, 124, 134, 204, 214, 224, 304, 314, 324, 354) of the group overlap with respect to the direction of rotation (49) such that the minimum number of teeth is at least 2, in particular at least 3.