Hemispherical Optical Power Converter for High-Flux PV Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing power conversion systems for remote optical power utilization are inefficient in converting high energy optical power to electrical power, particularly for industrial-grade applications where kilowatts to megawatts of power are required.
Innovation Solution
A tightly integrated 'mixed-mode' power converter 'cluster' system that receives optical power from a remote laser and converts it in stages to electrical energy using a combination of photovoltaic arrays, thermoelectric converters, and Stirling generators, achieving a total electrical conversion efficiency of 78.5%.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a single conversion method (e.g., photovoltaic only) is used, then the system is simple, but the electrical conversion efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the power conversion system into multiple independent conversion modules, each handling a specific portion of the optical power spectrum. Photovoltaic modules convert visible light, while thermal modules convert infrared radiation. This segmentation allows each module to be optimized for its specific function, achieving 78.5% total conversion efficiency while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The beam dump structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a thermal mass to absorb infrared radiation, provides structural support for mounting photovoltaic modules, and functions as a heat sink for thermal conversion modules. This multi-functionality increases conversion efficiency without proportionally increasing system complexity.
2Loss of energy
If photovoltaic modules are placed close to the fiber endpoint, then more optical power is captured, but the modules are exposed to extremely high power density that can damage them
Solution Approach 1:
The patent arranges photovoltaic modules in a three-dimensional configuration around the fiber endpoint rather than placing them in a single plane. Modules are positioned at various radial distances and angular positions, allowing the beam dump to expand the optical beam in multiple dimensions. This dimensional distribution reduces the power density on individual modules while maintaining high overall power capture efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The beam dump acts as an intermediary between the fiber endpoint and the photovoltaic modules. It first receives the concentrated optical power, expands the beam, and then distributes it to multiple modules. This intermediary function protects the modules from direct exposure to the extremely high power density at the fiber endpoint while maximizing power transfer to the conversion modules.
3Productivity
If multiple conversion modules are integrated, then the electrical conversion efficiency increases to 78.5%, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges photovoltaic conversion modules and thermal conversion modules into a single integrated beam dump structure. Both module types are mounted on the same structural platform, sharing common support mechanisms, cooling systems, and optical alignment features. This merging achieves 78.5% total conversion efficiency while reducing overall system complexity compared to separate distributed modules.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a nested arrangement where photovoltaic modules are positioned on the outer surface of the beam dump, while thermal conversion modules are nested within internal channels or cavities. This nested configuration allows both conversion types to coexist in a compact volume, increasing electrical power output without proportionally increasing the external dimensions or overall system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively converts a significant portion of the input optical power to electricity, addressing the inefficiencies of previous designs and enabling practical implementation for sub-sea power converters and remote industrial applications.
Implementation Method 1
an end array having a first plurality of PV chips, said first plurality of PV chips in a partially-spherical arrangement spaced a first radial distance from said beam forming optics; at least one annular array having a second plurality of PV chips
Implementation Method 2
beam-forming optics within the interior space positioned proximal to the second end of the said connector, said beam-forming optics having a focal plane
Data Source
AI summary
A power conversion module for use with optical energy transfer and conversion system has a hemi-spherically configured housing, an array of photovoltaic chips mounted on the interior thereof, and inlet and outlet ports connected thereto. An end plate connected to the housing defines a cavity. An actively cooled high-power connector has one end connected to a fiber optic cable and the opposite end traversing the end plate and extending within the cavity. Beam forming optics within the cavity are in optical communication with the connector to disburse received optical energy in a hemispherical emission pattern of uniform flux toward an array of photovoltaic chips mounted in complementary configuration to the housing within the cavity, each chip spaced equidistantly from the beam forming optics. A heat sink within the housing has a plurality of fluid channels therethrough through which a work fluid removes heat via the outlet port. In alternative embodiments, the power conversion module includes a housing having a spherical configuration and a plurality of power conversion modules.