Size-Selective Hemocompatible Polymer Adsorbent for Midsize Protein Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional polymeric adsorbents used in hemoperfusion and plasma perfusion lack selectivity for midsize proteins like beta-2-microglobulin and cytochrome-c, often adsorbing both toxins and beneficial proteins, leading to inadequate treatment outcomes and potential side effects due to non-selective pore structures and lack of hemocompatibility.
Innovation Solution
Development of a size-selective porous polymeric adsorbent system with pore diameters ranging from 100 to 2000 Angstroms, featuring a transport pore volume of 1.8% to 78% of the capacity pore volume, and an external surface with a negative ionic charge to exclude albumin and adsorb proteins smaller than 50,000 Daltons, constructed using aromatic monomers and crosslinking agents like divinylbenzene, ensuring biocompatibility and hemocompatibility.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional polymeric adsorbents are used in hemoperfusion, then adsorption capacity is achieved, but selectivity for midsize proteins is lost and beneficial proteins are also adsorbed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies porous materials with specifically controlled pore size distributions (10-100 Å, 100-1000 Å, and 1000-2000 Å ranges) to achieve size-selective adsorption. The porous structure allows midsize proteins (3000-50,000 Daltons) to enter and be adsorbed while excluding larger beneficial proteins through physical size constraints of the pore pathways.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by creating different pore size regions within the adsorbent structure. The pore size distribution is engineered to have specific characteristics at different locations and scales, with transport pores (1000-2000 Å) facilitating access and capacity pores (10-100 Å) providing selective adsorption sites, thereby achieving both capacity and selectivity.
2Quantity of substance
If adsorbents with broad pore size distribution are used, then adsorption capacity increases, but selectivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the pore structure into distinct size categories (10-100 Å, 100-1000 Å, 1000-2000 Å) with each segment serving specific functions. This segmentation allows the adsorbent to maintain broad pore size distribution for high capacity while ensuring each segment contributes to selective adsorption of target molecules based on their size.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the pore size distribution parameters during adsorbent synthesis. The pore size ranges, volume ratios, and surface area distributions are engineered to specific values to optimize both adsorption capacity and selectivity for midsize proteins while excluding larger molecules.
3Productivity
If non-hemocompatible adsorbents are used, then adsorption performance is improved, but biocompatibility and safety are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite materials combining porous polymeric structures with hemocompatible surface modifications. The composite construction integrates high-performance porous matrix for adsorption with biocompatible surface layers that prevent unwanted interactions with blood components, thereby achieving both adsorption performance and hemocompatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying surface charge characteristics (negative ionic charge) and hydrophilicity parameters of the adsorbent material. These parameter modifications enhance hemocompatibility by reducing protein denaturation and cell adhesion while maintaining the underlying porous structure's adsorption performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The adsorbent effectively sorbs cytokines and beta-2-microglobulin while excluding larger blood proteins, maintaining clinically acceptable levels of albumin, immunoglobulins, and other essential blood components, providing enhanced selectivity and safety for long-term clinical use.
Implementation Method 1
the pores sorb small to midsize protein molecules equal to or less than 50,000 Daltons
Implementation Method 2
the polymer has an external surface with a negative ionic charge to exclude albumin
Data Source
AI summary
A size-selective hemocompatible porous polymeric adsorbent system is provided, the polymer system comprises at least one crosslinking agent and at least one dispersing agent, and the polymer has a plurality of pores with diameters in the range from about 17 to about 40,000 Angstroms.