Hemoglobin Analysis via Oxygenation Chamber and Optical Density
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hemoglobinometry methods face inaccuracies due to the different molar extinction coefficients of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, requiring chemical modification or complex wavelength-based calculations.
Innovation Solution
Separate evaluation of substantially oxygenated and deoxygenated blood samples, with the blood being processed to a substantially oxygenated state within an analysis chamber to determine hemoglobin concentration using the molar extinction coefficient for oxyhemoglobin, eliminating the need for chemical conversion or dilution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If chemical modification of hemoglobin is performed to standardize molar extinction coefficients, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and process time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the chemical modification step from the hemoglobinometry process. By using whole blood samples without lysis or chemical conversion, the method removes the complex chemical processing while maintaining measurement accuracy through direct optical density analysis of intact red blood cells.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary oxygenation of the blood sample before analysis. By ensuring the blood is substantially oxygenated prior to measurement, the method establishes a consistent optical state that eliminates the need for subsequent chemical modification, thereby simplifying the overall process while maintaining precision.
2Measurement precision
If simultaneous equations for absorption at two wavelengths are used to account for different molar extinction coefficients, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physiological state parameter of the blood sample from mixed oxygenation states to substantially oxygenated state. This parameter change simplifies the optical characteristics, allowing single-wavelength measurement instead of complex multi-wavelength equations, thereby reducing operational complexity while maintaining accuracy.
3Measurement precision
If red blood cells are lysed and hemoglobin is chemically modified for standard hemoglobinometry, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time and loss of substance increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the lysis and chemical modification steps from the standard hemoglobinometry protocol. By analyzing intact red blood cells directly in whole blood samples, the method removes time-consuming chemical processing while maintaining measurement precision through direct optical density analysis.
4Device complexity
If isosbestic points are used for hemoglobin measurement, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision decreases due to low absorptivity and lack of flatness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the oxygenation state parameter of the blood sample to substantially oxygenated state. This creates optimal optical conditions with higher absorptivity and flatter spectrum characteristics, enabling accurate measurements without relying on isosbestic points, thus improving precision while maintaining simplicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides accurate hemoglobin concentration determination without lysis, chemical conversion, or dilution, enhancing analytical precision and simplifying the process while maintaining correlation with standard methods.
Implementation Method 1
The chamber is configured to increase the oxygenation state of the sample to a substantially oxygenated state within a predetermined amount of time after entry into the chamber
Implementation Method 2
imaging the at least one red blood cell contacting the interior surfaces, and producing image signals
Implementation Method 3
determining an optical density of at least a portion of the imaged red blood cell contacting both interior surfaces; and determining the at least one hemoglobin related parameter of the red blood cell contacting the interior surfaces, using the determined optical density and a molar extinction coefficient for oxyhemoglobin
Data Source
AI summary
A method and apparatus for determining at least one hemoglobin related parameter of a whole blood sample is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) depositing the sample into an analysis chamber adapted to quiescently hold the sample for analysis, the chamber defined by an interior surface of a first panel, and an interior surface of a second panel, and the chamber has a height extending between the interior surfaces of the panels, wherein the chamber is configured to increase the oxygenation state of the sample to a substantially oxygenated state within a predetermined amount of time after entry into the chamber; b) imaging the at least one red blood cell contacting the interior surfaces, and producing image signals; c) determining an optical density of at least a portion of the imaged red blood cell contacting both interior surfaces; and d) determining the at least one hemoglobin related parameter of the red blood cell contacting the interior surfaces, using the determined optical density and a molar extinction coefficient for oxygenated hemoglobin.