Hemostatic Spray via Chitosan Salt Coating for Complex Wounds
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hemostatic agents for controlling severe bleeding, such as those used in military and emergency care, are often ineffective due to their inconsistent application and inferior hemostatic efficacy, leading to potentially preventable deaths from uncontrolled hemorrhage.
Innovation Solution
A hemostatic material comprising a native chitosan base at least partially coated with a chitosan salt, formulated as a spray for easy application on complex wound architectures, enhancing hemostatic efficacy through improved electrostatic interactions and particle surface area.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If chitosan-based hemostatic agents (HemCon Bandage, Celox powder) are used, then hemostatic activity is achieved, but application difficulty and inconsistent efficacy worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state parameter of chitosan from solid foam/powder to aerosol spray, enabling consistent delivery and application while maintaining hemostatic efficacy. The aerosol formulation allows for uniform distribution and controlled delivery of chitosan particles to the wound site.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an aerosol delivery system as an intermediary between the chitosan active ingredient and the wound site. This intermediary system ensures consistent application and distribution of the hemostatic agent, overcoming the handling difficulties of solid forms.
2Reliability
If solid foam or powder forms of chitosan are used, then hemostatic activity is achieved, but applicability to complex wound architectures worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses aerosol (gas-phase) delivery to transport chitosan particles, enabling the material to reach complex wound architectures including deep cavities and irregular surfaces. The spray formulation can penetrate and coat complex geometries more effectively than solid foam or powder applications.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from applying hemostatic material in solid form (0D/1D contact) to aerosol spray (3D distribution), allowing the material to reach and coat complex wound surfaces in all directions, improving adaptability to various wound geometries.
3Reliability
If chitosan is used in powder form (Celox), then hemostatic function is provided, but ease of application and distribution worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent formulates chitosan as an aerosol spray, utilizing gas-phase delivery to enable easy distribution and application. The spray system allows for controlled delivery and uniform distribution of the hemostatic agent, overcoming the handling and distribution difficulties of powder forms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces manual application of powder or foam with an automated aerosol spray system, improving ease of manufacture and distribution. The spray formulation enables consistent delivery without requiring manual manipulation of difficult-to-handle solid forms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The hemostatic spray formulation achieves rapid and effective hemostasis with reduced blood loss and bleeding time, even in adverse conditions, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing products like Celox and QuikClot.
Implementation Method 1
the hemostatic activity can be controlled by the molecular weight, degree of acetylation, and particularly cationic properties of chitosan interfering with negatively charged molecules at the surface of red blood cells and inducing blood coagulation
Implementation Method 2
The mechanism of hemostasis can be described as a mixture of chemical and mechanical (adherence) linkages to red blood cells and tissues, forming a physical barrier around the severed vessels
Data Source
AI summary
A hemostatic material and a method of treating a bleeding wound of a human or an animal include a hemostatic powder for application to the wound. The hemostatic powder comprises a first part consisting of a native chitosan base and a second part consisting of a chitosan salt, where the first and the second parts form the main component of the hemostatic powder, or at least 50% of a total weight of the hemostatic powder, and the second part forms a layer that at least partially coats the first part. The hemostatic powder may be provided in a hemostatic spray formulation that comprises a mixture of the hemostatic powder dispersed in a liquefied gas for release from a cannister onto the wound. A treatment method involves applying the hemostatic spray formulation directly to the wound. Other embodiments are also disclosed.