HEMT Short-Circuit Detection Circuit for Breakdown Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Power semiconductor devices, particularly high-electron mobility transistors, are prone to breakdown due to short-circuit conditions, leading to reliability issues and potential failure under high current and voltage stress.

Innovation Solution

Incorporation of a short-circuit detection circuit and protection circuit within the semiconductor device to monitor gate and drain voltages, reducing the gate voltage during short-circuit conditions to prevent transistor breakdown.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If high current and voltage are processed by the high-electron mobility transistor, then power handling capability is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to short-circuit breakdown risk

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower handling capabilityVSAvoidreliability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The protection circuit performs preliminary action by detecting short-circuit conditions through monitoring drain voltage and gate voltage, and preemptively reducing the gate voltage before breakdown occurs. The detection circuit continuously monitors voltage parameters and triggers protection mechanisms in advance, preventing the harmful short-circuit current from reaching dangerous levels that would cause transistor failure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If gate voltage is reduced during short-circuit conditions, then reliability is improved, but power loss increases due to voltage reduction

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereliabilityVSAvoidpower loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The protection circuit applies preliminary anti-action by preparing the gate voltage reduction mechanism in advance during normal operation. When a short-circuit condition is detected, the gate voltage is rapidly reduced to counteract the harmful short-circuit current. This pre-positioned protection mechanism ensures that reliability is maintained during critical short-circuit events, and the energy loss is minimized because the protection only activates when necessary rather than continuously reducing gate voltage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Data Source

PatentEP4625820A1Semiconductor device and power semiconductor system including the same
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • EP4625820A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4625820A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4625820A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A semiconductor device includes: a high-electron mobility transistor; a short-circuit detection circuit configured to output a short-circuit protection voltage based on a gate voltage of the high-electron mobility transistor and a drain voltage of the high-electron mobility transistor; and a protection circuit configured to reduce the gate voltage of the high-electron mobility transistor based on the short-circuit protection voltage.