Heterogeneous mass containing foam

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current absorbent structures for products like diapers and sanitary napkins typically require multiple processes to achieve dual pore-size ranges, either using different compositions or systems, which is inefficient and limits the creation of absorbent structures with more than two pore-size ranges.

Innovation Solution

A heterogeneous mass with three or more pore-size ranges is developed, where at least two of these ranges are within discrete open-cell foam pieces made from High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) polymerization, allowing for the integration of enrobeable elements and open-cell foam pieces that exhibit distinct pore-size ranges optimized for absorption and storage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If multiple processes are used to create dual pore-size ranges in absorbent structures, then the pore size optimization is achieved, but the manufacturing complexity and process time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepore size optimizationVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple pore-size ranges (at least three distinct ranges) into a single foam structure created through one polymerization process. This merges what would traditionally require multiple separate processes into a single integrated manufacturing step, reducing complexity while maintaining precise pore size optimization for different absorbent functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite foam structure with heterogeneous pore-size ranges within a single polymerized matrix. By forming a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) with multiple domain sizes before polymerization, the process produces a composite material with distinct pore regions (ranging from micrometers to millimeters) that perform different absorbent functions, eliminating the need for multiple manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If different compositions or systems are used to achieve dual pore-size ranges, then the absorbent performance is improved, but the material complexity and processing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabsorbent performanceVSAvoidprocessing difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating regions with different pore-size characteristics within a single foam structure. The HIPE formulation includes domains of at least three distinct size ranges, where each region provides locally optimized absorbent properties (acquisition, transport, storage) while being part of an integrated structure processed in one manufacturing step.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes physical parameters during a single polymerization process to achieve multiple pore-size ranges. By controlling the HIPE domain size distribution before polymerization (through emulsification conditions, surfactant selection, and phase ratio), the process produces a foam with heterogeneous pore structures ranging from micrometers to millimeters without requiring multiple processing steps or different material compositions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If traditional continuous sheet or tubular foam polymerization is used, then the manufacturing efficiency is maintained, but the ability to create varied pore-size ranges within the same foam is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing efficiencyVSAvoidpore size variation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming the HIPE with the desired multi-domain pore structure before polymerization. The emulsion is prepared with at least three distinct domain size ranges through controlled emulsification and phase separation, establishing the pore-size distribution in advance. This preliminary structuring allows the subsequent single-step polymerization to produce a foam with heterogeneous pore sizes, combining manufacturing efficiency with pore size versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the creation of absorbent structures with enhanced absorbency and fluid management capabilities, allowing for the simultaneous optimization of multiple pore sizes within a single foam structure, improving the performance and efficiency of absorbent articles.

Implementation Method 1

The open-cell foam is a thermoset polymeric foam made from polymerization of a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) formed by combining an aqueous phase and an oil phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolymerization:

Implementation Method 2

a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) formed by combining an aqueous phase and an oil phase in a ratio between about 8:1 and 140:1

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEmulsion: Emulsion

Implementation Method 3

Open celled foams are used for their absorbent properties

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 4

One pore size may be optimized for acquisition while the other pore size may be optimized for storage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Data Source

PatentEP3277881B1Heterogeneous mass containing foam
Publication Date: 2021.02.24 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO
  • EP3277881B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3277881B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3277881B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A heterogeneous mass comprising a longitudinal axis, a lateral axis, a vertical axis, one or more enrobeable elements and one or more discrete open-cell foam pieces is disclosed. The heterogeneous mass comprises three or more pore-size ranges. At least two of the pore-size ranges are in the foam pieces.