Load Distribution in Heterogeneous Networks Using Dynamic Bias
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Solution Overview
Problem
In heterogeneous cellular networks with multi-technology radio access, the traffic load distribution between macro and small cells is complex, particularly when small cells operate in both sub-6 GHz and millimeter bands, leading to degradation of the signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SINR) due to high path attenuation and sensitivity to obstructions, and existing load transfer mechanisms do not effectively maximize SINR.
Innovation Solution
A method for traffic load balancing that uses bias values to select the cell level and radio access technology, determining optimal bias values based on network coverage parameters to maximize the SINR, involving the measurement of signal power from macro and small base stations and association with the strongest signal in either the sub-6 GHz or millimeter band.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If load transfer mechanisms (CRE) are used to transfer traffic from macrocells to small cells, then traffic load distribution is improved, but the SINR at the terminal deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic load transfer mechanisms that adaptively adjust the bias parameter based on real-time network conditions, terminal capabilities, and channel states. Instead of using a fixed CRE bias, the system dynamically modifies load transfer decisions to maintain optimal SINR while achieving traffic offloading goals, resolving the contradiction between load distribution improvement and SINR degradation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the bias parameter values used in load transfer decisions between different frequency bands (sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave). By adjusting these parameters based on propagation conditions, terminal mobility, and network load, the system optimizes both load distribution efficiency and SINR performance, preventing the consistent SINR degradation seen in conventional fixed-bias approaches
2Speed
If small cells operate in millimeter band to provide high speeds, then data rate is improved, but coverage reliability deteriorates due to high path attenuation and obstruction sensitivity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces frequency band diversity as an additional dimension for load transfer decisions. Instead of relying solely on spatial dimension (macrocell vs. small cell), the system utilizes both sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave bands, allowing terminals to switch between frequency dimensions to maintain reliable connectivity while accessing high-speed millimeter wave resources when conditions permit
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite load transfer strategy that combines characteristics of both frequency bands. The bias parameters for load transfer are composed of multiple factors including path loss compensation, obstruction probability, terminal mobility indicators, and network load conditions, creating a robust decision mechanism that leverages the strengths of both sub-6 GHz reliability and millimeter wave high speed
3Productivity
If bias values are adjusted to improve load balancing, then traffic distribution is improved, but SINR optimization becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the load transfer decision process into distinct components: path loss compensation calculations, bias parameter adjustments for different frequency bands, and SINR-based optimization layers. By dividing the complex bias optimization into manageable segments that can be calculated and adjusted independently, the system achieves effective load balancing without overwhelming computational complexity
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a method for distributing traffic load within a heterogeneous, multi-technology radio access network, said network comprising macrocells operating in a first sub-6 GHz band, and minicells capable of operating in the sub-6 GHz band and in a millimeter wave band. Traffic distribution is achieved by means of an association strategy involving, on the one hand, a first bias (QT) to favor association with the base stations of the minicells/macrocells and a second bias (QR) to favor the use of the millimeter wave band/sub-6 GHz band when the terminal is associated with an SBS base station of a minicell.