HFCT Battery Fault Diagnosis for Early Fire Warning
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Solution Overview
Problem
The increasing number of fire accidents in energy storage systems (ESS) due to battery system deterioration or failure poses a significant risk to the stability of power grids and incurs heavy costs, necessitating an effective method for early detection and prevention of battery fires.
Innovation Solution
A battery fire prevention and diagnosis system utilizing a high frequency current transformer (HFCT) installed in battery systems, which includes a data acquiring unit, a noise/defect cause database, and a diagnosis unit to detect abnormalities by analyzing high-frequency signal data, remove noise, and estimate defect locations within the battery system.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used for battery abnormalities, then the system structure remains simple, but the detection precision and early warning capability are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional low-frequency detection methods with high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) based detection. The HFCT captures high-frequency current signals that precede battery failures, enabling earlier and more precise detection of battery abnormalities such as internal shorts and thermal runaway risks without requiring complex structural changes to the battery system itself.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary diagnostic system that includes a high-frequency signal acquisition unit, signal processing unit, and database comparison unit. This intermediary system acts as a mediator between the battery system and the monitoring system, capturing and analyzing high-frequency signals to detect abnormalities before they manifest as visible failures or temperature increases.
2Reliability
If early detection of battery defects is implemented, then fire prevention capability is improved, but the complexity of the detection system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by detecting high-frequency current signals that occur before battery failures and thermal runaway events. The system captures these early warning signals and compares them against a database of known defect patterns, enabling preventive action to be taken before actual fire hazards develop, thus improving reliability without requiring intervention during critical failure moments.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent establishes a feedback mechanism where detected high-frequency signals are continuously compared against a database of known defect causes and patterns. The system provides feedback when abnormal patterns are detected, allowing for continuous monitoring and early warning. This feedback loop enables the system to learn from known failure modes and improve detection accuracy over time without requiring increasingly complex hardware.
3Speed
If high frequency current transformer is used for detection, then the detection speed and early warning capability are improved, but the device complexity and installation requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses high-frequency current transformers that operate on electromagnetic induction principles rather than mechanical contact-based detection methods. This substitution enables non-intrusive installation on existing battery terminals and wiring, capturing high-frequency signals without requiring physical modification of the battery system, thus maintaining detection speed while reducing installation complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enables early detection of battery abnormalities, preventing fire accidents by identifying defects before they lead to cell swelling and short circuits, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway and fire occurrence.
Implementation Method 1
a high frequency current transformer installed to at least one of a ground wire, a positive wire, or a negative wire of a battery system
Data Source
AI summary
A battery fire prevention and diagnosis system in accordance with the present invention comprises: a high frequency current transformer (HFCT) installed to at least one of a ground wire, a positive wire, or a negative wire of a battery system; a data acquiring unit for receiving high frequency current signals measured from the HFCT; noise/defect cause database including on-site noise data related to a site in operation, and data on causes of defects; and a diagnosis unit for determining abnormality of the battery system, and a cause of a defect based on high frequency signal data acquired from the data acquiring unit, and the on-site noise data and the data on causes of defects in the noise/defect cause database.