HFO-1233zd and FK5-1-12 Fire Extinguishing Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fire extinguishants, such as bromine-containing halocarbons, face issues with ozone depletion and toxicity, while their alternatives, like hydrofluorocarbons, have high global warming potential, necessitating the development of clean fire extinguishants with low Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) that also provide effective and rapid flame suppression without causing damage.
Innovation Solution
Compositions comprising HFO-1233zd and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone (FK5-1-12) in specific proportions, which are gaseous at room temperature, offering rapid and effective flame suppression while minimizing environmental impact and damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If bromine-containing halocarbons (e.g., Halon 1301, Halon 1211) are used as fire extinguishants, then fire extinguishing effectiveness is improved, but ozone depletion and toxicity worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by replacing bromine-containing halocarbons with fluorinated compounds (HFO-1233zd and FK5-1-12) that have different molecular structures and properties, achieving low ODP and GWP while maintaining fire suppression effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a composite fire extinguishing composition comprising multiple fluorinated compounds (HFO-1233zd and FK5-1-12) in specific proportions, combining their individual properties to achieve synergistic fire suppression while meeting environmental requirements
2Object-affected harmful factors
If hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., HFC-227ea) are used as alternatives to bromine-containing halocarbons, then ozone depletion potential is reduced, but global warming potential worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by selecting fluorinated compounds with specific molecular characteristics (HFO-1233zd and FK5-1-12) that have inherently lower GWP values compared to conventional HFCs, while maintaining the zero ODP property
3Stability of the object's composition
If fire extinguishants with high boiling points are used, then stability is improved, but evaporation speed and flame suppression efficiency worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the boiling point parameter of the fire extinguishing composition by selecting compounds with appropriate volatility characteristics, ensuring rapid evaporation and flame suppression while maintaining compositional stability through the specific combination of HFO-1233zd and FK5-1-12
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The described compositions achieve rapid and effective flame suppression with low ODP and GWP, avoiding the drawbacks of previous agents by being predominantly gaseous at room temperature, thus evaporating quickly to fill the area and suppress flames efficiently, and meeting stringent ISO 14520 minimum extinguishing concentration requirements.
Implementation Method 1
the fire extinguishant which has a boiling point of less than about 40° C.... a fire extinguishant which has a boiling point at or about room temperature (i.e., about 21° C.) will evaporate more quickly than a fire extinguishant which has a boiling point above room temperature, and thus fill the area surrounding the flame to be extinguished
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are fire extinguishants comprising from about 20% to about 80% by weight of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1233zd) and from about 20% to about 80% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone (FK5-1-12), and to methods, systems and containers which use the fire extinguishants.