Hierarchical BMS Architecture for Battery Data Load Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional power storage systems with modularized BMSs face inefficiencies in data processing and control due to increased system capacity, leading to slower response times and reduced energy efficiency, especially in large-scale smart grid applications.
Innovation Solution
A hierarchical BMS structure comprising slave BMSs, master BMSs, and a super master BMS, where slave BMSs transmit data through slave communication networks, master BMSs process and reduce data, and the super master BMS further processes and controls the system, with an external monitoring device generating control signals based on processed data.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If the capacity of a power storage system is increased to meet smart grid requirements, then the energy storage capability is improved, but the time required for the master BMS to receive and process information from each slave BMS increases, reducing system responsiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the centralized BMS architecture into a hierarchical structure with master BMSs at multiple levels. Each master BMS manages a subset of slave BMSs, creating distributed data processing nodes. This segmentation allows information to be processed locally at each master BMS level rather than requiring all slave BMS data to traverse to a single centralized master BMS, thereby reducing overall processing time while maintaining large system capacity.
2Reliability
If individual hardware mechanisms and software driving mechanisms are possessed and managed for each slave BMS in a conventional power storage system, then each battery pack can be independently monitored and controlled, but the system complexity and management burden increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the management functions of multiple slave BMSs under common master BMSs. Instead of each slave BMS operating completely independently with separate management mechanisms, slave BMSs are grouped and managed by master BMSs that handle common functions such as data collection, processing, and control command distribution. This merging reduces the total number of independent management mechanisms while preserving the ability to monitor and control individual battery packs through the hierarchical structure.
3Extent of automation
If a centralized master BMS receives and processes information from all slave BMSs in a large-capacity power storage system, then integral control of the system is achieved, but the system fails to achieve energy efficiency and sensitivity to external changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements segmentation of the control function by introducing multiple levels of master BMSs. Each master BMS processes information from its subordinate slave BMSs and makes control decisions for its managed subset, rather than all control decisions being made by a single centralized master BMS. This segmented approach distributes the computational and communication energy requirements across multiple nodes, improving overall system energy efficiency while maintaining automated integral control through coordinated operation of the hierarchical structure.
Data Source
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AI summary
A power storage system includes n number of slave BMSs for transmitting data associated with an electric characteristic value of battery cells, included in battery modules managed by the slave BMSs, through slave communication networks; m number of master BMSs for primarily processing the data associated with an electric characteristic value of battery cells, transmitted through the slave communication networks, and transmitting the primarily processed data through a master communication network; and a super master BMS for secondarily processing the data transmitted through the master communication network. Since the data transmitted from each slave BMS are processed in a master BMSs, the amount of data loaded on a communication line may decrease. Therefore, even though the capacity of a power storage system increases, rapid data collection and data control may be achieved.