Hierarchical Power Grid Control for Decentralized Coordination
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for controlling hierarchically structured power grids face challenges in achieving overarching operating objectives due to increasing complexity and decentralization, particularly with the integration of more decentralized power generators and consumers.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing a hierarchical structure of control modules across multiple system levels, where each control module is assigned to a specific system level and abstraction level, allowing for the identification of auxiliary modules, receipt of status information, and transmission of subordinate operating objectives to achieve higher-level operating goals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If decentralized power generators and consumers are integrated into the power grid, then the power grid becomes more adaptable and versatile, but the complexity of control and coordination increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The control system is segmented into multiple hierarchical levels (transmission grid level, distribution grid level, and component level), with each level responsible for specific control tasks. This segmentation allows the system to manage decentralized generators and consumers without overwhelming central control, as each level makes decisions appropriate to its scope while coordinating with other levels.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a hierarchical dimension to the control architecture, organizing control modules across multiple levels rather than using a single flat control layer. This dimensional organization enables efficient management of complexity by distributing control functions across levels, where higher levels handle strategic decisions and lower levels handle operational details.
2Productivity
If automated control is implemented at higher-level grid levels, then overall grid operating objectives are achieved, but fine-grained control of individual components becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
Control authority is segmented across hierarchical levels, with higher levels managing overall grid objectives and lower levels handling individual component control. This segmentation enables both macro-level productivity and micro-level ease of operation by assigning appropriate control granularity to each level.
Solution Approach 2:
Each hierarchical level is equipped with control capabilities appropriate to its specific function and scope. Higher levels have automated control for macro objectives, while lower levels have detailed control interfaces for individual components, ensuring each level operates with the quality and granularity needed for its specific tasks.
3Adaptability or versatility
If intelligent control concepts are implemented at distribution grid levels to control individual decentralized generators and consumers, then local operating objectives are achieved, but coordinated control with higher-level objectives becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The hierarchical control architecture implements feedback mechanisms where lower levels report status and performance to higher levels, and higher levels transmit operational objectives and constraints downward. This feedback loop enables distribution grid level control to achieve local objectives while maintaining coordination with transmission grid level goals, as information and control signals flow bidirectionally through the hierarchy.
4Measurement precision
If equipment is expanded to enable simultaneous and coordinated control of power grid components, then control precision is improved, but equipment cost and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The control system is segmented across hierarchical levels, with each level equipped with equipment appropriate to its specific control precision requirements. This segmentation avoids the need for every component to have high-precision equipment, as precision needs are distributed according to hierarchical function, reducing overall equipment complexity and cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The hierarchical control architecture creates a universal framework that can accommodate different types of power grid components and control functions across multiple levels. This multi-functionality allows the same hierarchical structure to serve various control precision requirements without requiring specialized equipment for each scenario, reducing overall system complexity.
Data Source
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AI summary
A method for controlling a power grid (1) by means of a plurality of control modules (M1-M1000) is specified, wherein the power grid (1) is hierarchically structured into a plurality of system levels (S1-S3), comprising the following steps: a) selecting one of the system levels (S1), b) specifying a first operating target which is assigned to the selected system level (S1) and which is assigned to a selected abstraction level (A1) for target specifications, c) providing a topology of the power grid (1), d) calling a first control module (M1) associated with the first operating target, wherein calling the first control module (M1) results in the following substeps: d1) identifying at least one auxiliary module (M10, M20) of the first control module (M1), wherein the auxiliary module (M10, M20) is assigned to a subordinate system level (S1) and/or to the selected abstraction level (A1). is assigned to a hierarchical level,d2) Requesting at least one item of status information from at least one auxiliary module (M10, M20) and receiving the status information, d3) Determining at least one subordinate operating objective using the first operating objective and the received status information, and d4) Transmitting the subordinate operating objective to an auxiliary module (M10, M20) associated therewith and calling this associated auxiliary module (M10, M20).