Hierarchical Model Caching for Scalable Distributed Reinforcement Learning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Distributed reinforcement learning systems face scalability challenges due to bottlenecks in model retrieval and inefficient data input pipelines, leading to increased convergence time and limited performance as the number of actors increases.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a distributed cache and replay system that allows actors to locally store machine-learned models and use sharded replay memory, with a hierarchical data caching system to reduce latency and improve throughput, enabling efficient model updates and training iterations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a centralized learner is used to handle model versioning and consistency, then model management is improved, but the learner becomes a bottleneck that increases convergence time as the number of actors increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel consistencyVSAvoidconvergence time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a distributed caching system as an intermediary between actors and the centralized learner. The cache service stores model versions and handles read requests from actors, preventing direct traffic from reaching the learner. This mediator absorbs the read request load while maintaining model consistency through coordinated updates from the learner.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system segments the model serving functionality by separating the centralized learner from the model distribution task. The caching service is introduced as a distinct component that handles model retrieval and distribution, while the learner focuses on training and update generation. This segmentation allows parallel operation and eliminates the bottleneck.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Quantity of substance

If the number of actors is increased to collect more samples from the environment, then data collection capability is improved, but the learner is throttled by the large number of read requests

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of samplesVSAvoidtraining throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The caching service acts as an intermediary that absorbs the high volume of read requests from numerous actors. Instead of all actors directly querying the learner, requests are routed through the cache, which serves stored model versions. This allows the system to scale the number of actors without proportionally increasing the load on the learner.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates copies of model versions in the caching service that can be served to multiple actors simultaneously. Instead of the learner generating and sending model copies to each actor individually, the cache pre-stores model versions and distributes them efficiently, reducing the communication overhead and learner burden.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Productivity

If frequent model updates are performed to improve learning speed, then training efficiency is improved, but the overhead of data communication and model distribution increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraining speedVSAvoidcommunication overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The caching service performs preliminary actions by pre-storing model versions before they are needed by actors. When the learner generates a model update, it is immediately stored in the cache, preparing it for distribution. This preliminary caching eliminates the need for repeated model generation and transmission to each actor, reducing communication overhead during frequent updates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates and distributes copies of model versions through the caching service. Instead of maintaining single model instances that must be sequentially updated and distributed, the cache stores multiple model version copies that can be simultaneously served to different actors, enabling parallel model updates and reducing communication bottlenecks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP4143744B1Distributed cache or replay service for massively scalable distributed reinforcement learning
Publication Date: 2025.07.09 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP4143744B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4143744B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4143744B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

A computing system for performing distributed large scale reinforcement learning with improved efficiency can include a plurality of actor devices, wherein each actor device locally stores a local version of a machine-learned model, wherein each actor device is configured to implement the local version of the machine-learned model at the actor device to determine an action to take in an environment to generate an experience, a server computing system configured to perform one or more learning algorithms to learn an updated version of the machine-learned model based on the experiences generated by the plurality of actor devices, and a hierarchical and distributed data caching system including a plurality of layers of data caches that propagate data descriptive of the updated version of the machine-learned model from the server computing system to the plurality of actor devices to enable each actor device to update its respective local version of the model.